a. Write out the differential equation for wealth. b. For an infinite time model, set up the optimal control problem with discounting at a rate 8. c. Write the current-valued Hamiltonian of this problem. d. Derive the steady-state level of consumption.
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- Anna has endowment 1500 now and 500 later. Internet rate is 2.0%. She prefers smooth consumption to time (i.e., u0=u1=u). a. Assume utility function, u(c)= log c. What are the optimal consumption c0and c1if Anna's beta=1, and she wants to maximize her utility? b. Now assume that the utility function, u(c)=c0.5. If everything else remains the same as Problem 1(a), what are the optimal consumption c0and c1if Anna wants to maximize her utility?Assume that there are N individuals, indexed by i=1,.,N. One of them, individual i, derives positive utility from her own consumption (denote by c), from her consumption in relation to the average consumption of everybody else (the other N-1 individuals), and from her charitable donations (denote by d). Assume an exogenous income level I. a) Write down a utility function that can represent individual i's preferences. b) Write down (without solving) the consumer's maximization problem. c) Discuss (in brief) whether you think that this utility function is preferable to the standard one and justify your answer.Assume that someone has inherited 2,000 bottles of wine from a rich uncle. He or she intends to drink these bottles over the next 40 years. Suppose that this person’s utility function for wine is given by u(c(t)) = (c(t))0.5, where c(t) is each instant t consumption of bottles. Assume also this person discounts future consumption at the rate δ = 0.05. Hence this person’s goal is to maximize 0ʃ40 e–0.05tu(c(t))dt = 0ʃ40 e–0.05t(c(t))0.5dt. Let x(t) represent the number of bottle of wine remaining at time t, constrained by x(0) = 2,000, x(40) = 0 and dx(t)/dt = – c(t): the stock of remaining bottles at each instant t is decreased by the consumption of bottles at instant t. The current value Hamiltonian expression yields: H = e–0.05t(c(t))0.5 + λ(– c(t)) + x(t)(dλ/dt). This person’s wine consumption decreases at a continuous rate of ??? percent per year. The number of bottles being consumed in the 30th year is approximately ???
- Suppose Jack lives for two periods. Period one is his working life, during which he earns income $50,000; period two is his retirement, during which he earns nothing. During retirement he consumes from the savings during his working life. The rate of interest on his savings is 10%. His consumption during his working life is Cw, and his consumption during his retirement life is Cr. Assume that Jack's utility function is a standard utility function exhibiting diminishing marginal rate of substitution between Cw and Cr. His current consumption during the working life is 75% of his earned income. a. Using the intertemporal choice model, draw a well labeled graph that details all the information discussed above. Notably, indicate the slope of the budget constraint, the intercepts of the budget constraint on both axes, the value of current and future consumptions, and the current savings. Keep in mind that no tax has been imposed on the saver, yet. b. Now the government taxes interest…A consumer's consumption-utility function for a two period horizon is 0.5 U(Cg,G) =C,G" he consumer's earned income stream is given by mo, m1 and the market rate of interest is r. a) Write the intertemporal budget constraint in present value terms. If the consumer does not consume anything in peripd 0, what is the most she can consume in period 1? b) Draw a graph that shows optimal consumption in each period co* and c1*. What is the slope of her budget line? c) Solve the problem for optimal consumption in each period co* and c;*. d) Suppose mọ is S50 and mị is S110 and r = 0.1. Is the consumer a borrower or a lender? Show this outcome by drawing co*. C1*, mo, mį, and bond-holdings on your graph.Answer the following questions using the following information. Columns 1 and 2 in the table below show the marginal utility that Cody gets by purchasing products A and B. Column 3 shows the marginal utility Cody gets from saving Assume that the price of A is $13 the price of B is $10, and Cody has an income of $129. a) Find the following series of MU/$ for each column. Note: Keep as much precision as possible during your calculations. Your final answer should be accurate to at least two decimal places Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Units of A MU MU/S Units of B MU MU/$ Number of $ saved MU MU/S 68 6.8 1 80 6.15 1. 13 0. 2 71 5.46 2 63 6.3 2 10 0. 3 66 5.08 3 56 5.6 3 7 4 61 4.69 4. 46 46 0. 54 4.15 40 4 45 3.46 31 3.1 6. 1 39 3 22 2.2 0. 29 2.23 8 17 1.7 8 b) What quantities of A and B will Cody purchase in maximizing his utility? Quantity of A: 0 Quantity of B: 0 c) How many dollars will Cody save? Dollars Saved = $0 SAVE AND CLOSE
- f) i) Find the degree of homogeneity of the following functions and comment on their returns to scale i. Q = K² + 5KL – 4L² ii. Q = 13KSL ii. A consumer has the following utility function a. U = Ax“yf Find the MU, and MU, iii. Given the following consumption function C = 70 + 0.85Y Find the corresponding savings function and marginal propensity to save2. Mr. A has the following utility function and budget constraints: Max 0.1Ln(C1) + 0.7Ln(C2) Subject to S1 + C1 = 100 C2 + S2 = (1 + r)S1 where C1 and C2 are consumption level at young and that at old respectively. Likewise, S1 and S2 are saving at young and saving at old respectively. a) Find out Mr. A’s optimal consumption levels (i.e. C1*, C2*) and optimal savings (i.e. S1*, S2*) in terms of interest rate r. b) Show clearly the results in part a) in a suitable diagram (with C1 as x-axis and C2 as y-axis). c) Is Mr. A a saver ? or a borrower ? d) If r is equal to 0 (i.e. saving gives no returns), will Mr. A still choose to save when he is young (i.e. is S1 still bigger than 0) ? Why ? e) Suppose that Mr. A is not allowed to save (i.e. S1 = 0). What are his optimal consumption levels ? Show his optimal consumption levels in the same diagram you prepare for part a) (with a suitable indifference curve). f) If r increases,…Mavis earns income in two periods, M, and M2 and buys consumption goods in twd periods as well, C, and C2 (the numbers indicate the period in which the income is earned and the consumption goods are purchased). Her utility function is as follows: U=U(C, ) +: U(C,) where & is the time rate of preference and 1+8 U(C,)=U(C,) when C, = C, and U(C) is well behaved. Mavis can borrow money from or save money at a local bank. The interested rate (whether saving or borrowing) is r. а. Write out Mavis' utility maximizing Lagrangian equation. No need to solve it. b. Describe the process for conducting the comparative statics necessary to determine the sign of the following change: Or С. What is the significance of 6? Assuming you would graph her consumer choice model with C on the horizontal axis, explain why a higher value for & would make her indifference curves steeper or flatter. d. Draw the consumer choice graph for this situation such that M1 = $10,000, M2 = $20,000 and both 8 =0.25 andr =…
- Consider an economy where individuals live for two periods only. Their utility function over consumption in periods 1 and 2 is given by U = 2 log(C1) + 2 log(C2), where C1 and C2 are period 1 and period 2 consumption levels respectively. They have labor income of $100 in period 1 and labor income of $50 in period 2. They can save as much of their income in period 1 as they like in bank accounts, earning interest rate of 5 percent per period. They have no bequest motive, so they spend all their income before the end of period 2. a. What is each individual’s lifetime budget constraint? If they choose consumption in each period so as to maximize their lifetime utility subject to their lifetime budget constraint, what is the optimal consumption in each period? How much do the consumers save in the first period? b. Suppose that the government introduces a social security system that will take $10 from each individual in period 1, put it in a bank account, and transfer it back to…Suppose an individual makes consumption and savings decisions in two time periods (1 and 2). Its utility function is given by: U = In addition, the prices and income of said individual and the interest rate he faces are known: P1 = 1, P2=3; M1 = 100, M2 = 200 r=0.23 Determine: a) The budget constraint and plot b) Optimal demand functions c) The savings supply function d) In equilibrium, will the individual be a lender or a borrower?Consider an economy with two periods (interpreted as “when young” and “when old” periods)and two consumers, Gillian Davis and Joana Wolinsky. Gillian is a star ballet dancer with a lifetime income given by ωG= (400,0). Joana is an Econ Ph.D. student with incomeωJ= (0,400). Gillian and Joana have identical utility functions given by Ui(x1,x2) = 6 lnx1+ 3 lnx2 for i=G, J a) Plot an Edgeworth box and mark the initial endowment point. b) Write the general definition of Pareto efficient allocation (one sentence) and give the equivalent condition in terms of MRS (give formula). Check if this condition is satisfied for initial endowments. c) Derive the contract curve (write down the appropriate conditions and solve for the curve) and depict it in the Edgeworth box. d) Suppose Gillian and Joana can “trade” consumption in both periods at pricesp1,p2. Find the competitive equilibrium (6 numbers) and depict the equilibrium allocation in the Edgeworth box. e) Using the MRS condition from part b),…