According to the multi-hit model, more than one mutation must occur in a cell for cancer to develop. Once an oncogene has been formed by a mutation, what other type of gene must also mutate?
Q: Ginger
A: Ginger is a flowering plant whose rhizome, ginger root or ginger, is widely used as a spice and a fo...
Q: This protein that is involve in immune system responses is measured to check to individuals who were...
A: Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any sp...
Q: The table below outlines the stpes in eukaryotic gene expressions. Briefly summarize each steps give...
A: The short segment of DNA, which can transcribed and from protein products, that are known as gene. S...
Q: 1. An ebony strain of flies was discovered to be sensitive to carbon dioxide. Crossing a female sens...
A: A reciprocal cross is a breeding experiment used in genetics to determine the impact of parental sex...
Q: To move in a specific direction, a migrating cell must use extracellular cues to establish which por...
A: Introduction GTPases are a wide family of hydrolase enzymes that attach to and hydrolyze the nucleot...
Q: You are growing E. coli in a laboratory in order to study their operons. The growth media you are us...
A: The prokaryotic gene regulation is known as operon system in which the expression of polycystronic m...
Q: a) In the Dutch population, the results of height on fertility in males is an example of? b) Would ...
A: Dutch populations have highest height in entire world.
Q: What is the advantage of the C4 photosynthetic pathway as compared to the conventional C3 pathway? H...
A: Introduction: Photosynthesis is the process of preparing food in the presence of sunlight and chloro...
Q: Ginger undergoes three (3) stages of Growth. Name and describe the these stages from Germinating sta...
A: Introduction:- Ginger is a perennial herb. It is used as a spice in many dishes. In Ginger Gingero...
Q: The PCR technique uses (a) heat-resistant DNA polymerase (b) reverse transcriptase (c) DNA ligase (d...
A: The polymerase chain reaction, or PCR, is a chemical reaction used by molecular biologists to amplif...
Q: To determine the number of genes potentially involved in eye development in mouse, you perform a scr...
A: This is the result of complementary activities being passed on through the generations. Because all ...
Q: Describe how a gene might be deleted in a zygote using CRISPR/Cas9 editing.
A: CRISPR, which stands for "clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats," is a type of s...
Q: Which of the following statements about hormones is correct? O steroid hormones are water soluble O ...
A: A hormone is a signaling molecule that allows cells to communicate with one another. Hormones are pr...
Q: Discuss the development of seed habit.
A: There are two types of sporangia on the seed plants. This type of sporangia is produced on the sporo...
Q: Explain about preparation of cDNA libraries ?
A: cDNA (short for complementary deoxyribonucleic acid) is produced from messenger RNA in a process kno...
Q: Certain lacI mutations eliminate operator binding bythe Lac repressor but do not affect the aggregat...
A: A lac operon is a collection of genes that regulates a bacterial cell's utilization of lactose. The ...
Q: A) Describe in as much detail as you can, the fluid mosaic model of a cellular membrane. B) What is ...
A: In biology, a cell is a membrane-bound unit that carries the basic molecules of life and is made up ...
Q: There are three types of photosynthetic pigments. Name and describe each pigment.
A: Photosynthesis The process of harvesting light energy into chemical energy by utilising inorganic ...
Q: GIVEN: Centrifuge A: rotor radius 5 cm; max. speed - 4,000 xg Centrifuge B: rotor radius - 7 cm; max...
A: Pellet Pellet is the hard accumulation of material present at the bottom of the centrifuge tube.
Q: Explain why glucose test that is normally reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule may appear in...
A: Glucose is used by the body to generate energy in form of ATP in aerobic respiration by a process ca...
Q: In three to five sentences, construct an argument that shows why lichens are necessary to establish ...
A: The term lichen was given by Theophrastus. Its symbiotic charecterstic was however stated by Schwand...
Q: Define the following types of infection. Endemic Epidemic Sporadic Exotic
A: All types of organisms inhabit this Earth. Both unicellular and multicellular organisms inhabit the ...
Q: In which specific area in the leaf does the dark reaction occur? In what area do the light reactions...
A: Light reaction is the process of photosynthesis in which the sunlight energy is converted to ATP and...
Q: Describe the method of preparation of planting material for Ginger and describe how it can be propag...
A: Introduction Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a plant native to Asia, it is a flowering plant whose r...
Q: The CDC estimates that there are 1,000,000 cases of Salmonella infections , with 380 deaths each yea...
A: Salmonella is a bacteria that can cause food-borne infection called Salmonellosis. Symptoms include ...
Q: Predict and explain the effect on GAL1 transcription, inthe presence of galactose alone, of the foll...
A: Since we only answer up to 3 sub-parts, we’ll answer the first 3. Please resubmit the question and s...
Q: How can libraries be used to locate a specific gene of interest?
A: Scientists use genetic engineering methods to create two different types of DNA libraries. These are...
Q: Women, white in USA, 1939-1941 B Women in India 1921-1930 Theore tical population with haif-life of ...
A: A survivorship curve measures the proportion of individual in a particular species that can survive ...
Q: Bobby agreed to be hypnotized during a comedy routine. While hypnotized, he stood on his chair and c...
A: Hypnosis is a psychological process. It is a process that involves a therapist having high concentra...
Q: Describe the light reaction of photosynthesis. Be sure to include its location.
A: Plants are eukaryotic organisms that are capable of synthesizing energy by a process known as photos...
Q: Define about library screening ?
A: Introduction :- The technique of identifying the clones carrying the gene of interest is known as li...
Q: Muro-ami is a fishing method where the fishes are driven out of a coral reef by pounding the corals ...
A: Introduction: The breeding, rearing, and transplantation of fish by artificial means is called pisci...
Q: 3. The laboratory technician dilutes her sample serially 1:10 and plates the following dilutions: 10...
A: The technician dilutes the sample in 1:10, 1:100, 1:1000, 1:10000, 1:00000, 1:1000000 dilution seria...
Q: In the F2 generation of a homozygous yellow-seed (AA) X homozygous green-seed (aa) cross in peas, tw...
A: The alleles are the alternative forms of a gene that are located on the same locus of a homologous c...
Q: Light microscopical views of the antheridiophore 250 pm. 20 μη C
A: A. longitudinal section: 1. thallus; 2. base of the antheridiophore; 3. antheridia; 4. antheridiopho...
Q: Consider a mutant hepatocyte cell in which the Q-cycle was not used and teh two electrons from ubiqu...
A: Electron Transport Chain Electron Transport Chain or ETC is a series of proteins that creates a pro...
Q: PPTT 3. Mendel crossed that was homozygous dominant for flower color and heterozygous for height wit...
A: The Punnett square is a square graph used to forecast genotypes in a crossover or mating operation. ...
Q: pK, values Abbreviation/ Amino acid symbol pk, M coOH) NH,") (R group) pl pK, Glycine Gly G 75 2.34 ...
A: Aminoacids are building blocks of proteins . The aminoacids are joined together by peptide bond. PH ...
Q: The following table provides results (petal colour) of 4 different F1 X F1 crosses. The genes involv...
A: Mendel uncovered the fundamental laws of heredity. His experiments demonstrated that the inheritance...
Q: What are the balanced chemical equations of breathing?
A: Introduction: Breathing is the process of inhaling air into the lungs and then exhaling it out of th...
Q: In the absence of centrioles among the cells of higher plants, give one pole-based mechanism exhibit...
A: The "cell cycle", also known as "cell division", is a set of processes that occur in a cell leading ...
Q: What does vacuoles do?
A: Vacuoles are membrane bound structure present in cell. Membrane surrounding vacuole is called tonopl...
Q: Sample of Quality Policy of an organization
A: A quality policy is a brief statement that aligns with the organization's purpose and strategic dire...
Q: What are the roles of histone deacetylation and histoneacetylation in gene regulation, respectively
A: A gene is the essential physical and functional unit of heredity. They are comprised of DNA (deoxyri...
Q: From the list given - choose all of the regulatory proteins that would bind the eukaryotic gene to c...
A: The transcription is the process that involves production of RNA from the DNA template. In case of e...
Q: 2 Nerissa has 5 pink bows, 1 blue bow, and 4 purple bows in a box. She will randomly choose 1 bow fr...
A: ANSWER;- G 2/5
Q: Your sister who taking the genetics course, approaches you with a problem set to solve and seeks you...
A: (a) Autosomal recessive can not be excluded. (b) Autosomal dominant. → Can be excluded. (C) X-link...
Q: You obtained the sequence of the frog gene X you amplified in Question #16 through a process called ...
A: A "nucleic acid" is a linear polymer of nucleotides that is a component of the cell's information tr...
Q: Why the concept of a DNA library is still important for a number of modern applications ?
A: A DNA library can be described as the collection of DNA fragments that are kept and propagated in a ...
Q: 1- in which biome would you expect to see plants adapted to fire 2- in which biome would you expect...
A: Introduction: A biome is defined as a community of various plants and animals, that inhabit a partic...
According to the multi-hit model, more than one mutation must occur in a cell for cancer to develop. Once an oncogene has been formed by a mutation, what other type of gene must also mutate?
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Acquired mutation in the p53 gene is the most common genetic alteration found in human cancer (> 50% of all cancers). A germline mutation in p53 is the causative lesion of Li- Fraumeni familial cancer syndrome. In many tumors, one p53 allele on chromosome 17p is deleted and the other is mutated. What type of protein is encoded by the p53 gene? (A) Caspase (B) DNA repair enzyme (C) Membrane cell adhesion molecule (D) Serine phosphatase (E) Telomerase (F) Transcription factor (G) Tyrosine kinaseWhich of the following mutations is MOST likely to cause cancer? A) a mutation that causes a cyclin gene to be expressed at all times during the cell cycle B) a mutation that causes an oncogene to be turned off so that no protein is made C) a mutation that causes a Cdk gene to be turned off so that no protein is made D) a mutation that causes a tumor suppressor gene to be over-expressedA cell inherits a mutation in a gene that results in a transcription factor, called NF-kB, constantly being in its active conformation. When active, NF-kB stimulates the expression of cyclins that promote progression of the cell cycle, regardless of other conditions. As a result of this mutation, how would this cell's phenotype be affected by this mutation? A) This cell would have a cancer phenotype B) This cell would grow larger in size, but would never divide C) This cell would likely undergo apoptosis D) This cell would not duplicate its chromosomes .
- What separates cancer cells from normal cells? Describe one form of mutation that can increase the risk of a normal cell being cancerous.A change in what type of cell is most likely to cause a mutation that can be inherited?D) The level of carbon dioxide increases with the level of available oxygen. 60) The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53. Known as the guardian of the genome, this protein acts as a tumor suppressor, which means that it regulates cell division by keeping cells from growing and dividing too fast or in an uncontrolled way. The p53 protein is located in the nucleus of cells throughout the body, where it attaches directly to DNA and plays a critical role in determining whether the DNA will be repaired or the damaged cell will self- destruct (undergo apoptosis). If the DNA can be repaired, p53 activates other genes to fix the damage. If the DNA cannot be repaired, this protein prevents the cell from dividing and signals it to undergo apoptosis. eg Suppose chromosomes in a skin cell are damaged by ultraviolet radiation. If the damaged genes do not affect p53, which choice correctly predict if the cell will become cancerous and why? No, the cell will…
- The rb gene encodes a protein that inhibits E2F, a transcriptionfactor that activates several genes involved in cell division.Mutations in rb are associated with certain forms of cancer,such as retinoblastoma. Under each of the following conditions,would you expect the cancer to occur?A. One copy of rb is defective; both copies of E2F are functional.B. Both copies of rb are defective; both copies of E2F arefunctional.C. Both copies of rb are defective; one copy of E2F is defective.D. Both copies of rb and E2F are defective.Identify two genetic mechanisms whereby proto-oncogenes can become overexpressed. Select the two mechanisms. Identify two genetic mechanisms whereby proto-oncogenes can become overexpressed.Select the two mechanisms. 1) alterations in chromatin structure 2) a gain-of-function alteration 3)modification of proto-oncogenes products 4)mutations that result in an abnormal protein product 5)mutations within gene-regulatory regionsD) The level of carbon dioxide increases with the level of available oxygen. 60) The TPS3 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53. Known as the guardlan of the genome, this protein acts as a tumor suppressor, which means that it regulates cell division by keeping cells from growing and dividing t0o fast or in an uncontrolled way. The p53 protein is located in the nucleus of cells throughout the body, where it attaches directly to DNA and plays a critical role in determining whether the DNA will be repaired or the damaged cell will self- destruct (undergo apoptosis). If the DNA can be repaired, p53 activates other genes to fix the damage. If the DNA cannot be repaired, this protein prevents the cell from dividing and signals it to undergo apoptosis. Suppose chromosomes in a skin cell are damaged by ultraviolet radiation. If the damaged genes do not affect p53, which choice correctly predict if the cell will become cancerous and why? No, the cell will not…
- Which of the following effectively describes the situation of someone with an inherited predisposition to cancer such as familial adenomatous polyposis or BRCA-associated familial breast cancer? Choose all that apply a) If they get malignant cancer, somatic mutations will not have been a factor b) Their cancer will most likely arise in their germ cells, not their somatic cells c) None of the answers effectively describes the situation d) Every cell of their body contains a gain-of-function allele of an oncogene e) Most cells in their body contain multiple cancer-causing mutations f) Every cell of their body contains a defective, loss-of-function allele of a tumor suppressor geneProto-oncogenes can be converted to oncogenes in a number of different ways. In some cases, the proto-oncogene itself becomes amplified up to hundreds of times in a cancer cell. An example is the cyclin D1 gene, which is amplified in some cancers. In other cases, the proto-oncogene may be mutated in a limited number of specific ways, leading to alterations in the gene product’s structure. The ras gene is an example of a proto-oncogene that becomes oncogenic after suffering point mutations in specific regions of the gene. Explain why these two proto-oncogenes (cyclin D1 and ras) undergo such different alterations in order to convert them into oncogenes.What is the difference between a proto-oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene?