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Catalysis and Enzymatic Reactions
Catalysis is the kind of chemical reaction in which the rate (speed) of a reaction is enhanced by the catalyst which is not consumed during the process of reaction and afterward it is removed when the catalyst is not used to make up the impurity in the product. The enzymatic reaction is the reaction that is catalyzed via enzymes.
Lock And Key Model
The lock-and-key model is used to describe the catalytic enzyme activity, based on the interaction between enzyme and substrate. This model considers the lock as an enzyme and the key as a substrate to explain this model. The concept of how a unique distinct key only can have the access to open a particular lock resembles how the specific substrate can only fit into the particular active site of the enzyme. This is significant in understanding the intermolecular interaction between proteins and plays a vital role in drug interaction.
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- Write the mechanism (structure) of any TWO of the following reactions: 1. NaOCH3 in CH3OH 2. H3O* Гон OH 1. NaOCH3 in CH;OH 2. CH,CH,CHO 3. H3O* 1. NaOCH, in CH3OH + 2. H3O*, heat OH 1. NaOCH3 in CH;OH 4. 3. H;0* 2. CH3CH2CHO Reply...Link a description with an equation ✓ Second-order integrated rate law ✓ First-order integrated rate law ✓ Beer-Lambert Law Arrhenius equation relationship between equilibrium constant and rate constant A. Keq [Bleq/[Aleq = kr/kr' B. kr-Ae-Ea/RT c. 1/[A]o-1/[A] = -krt D.In([A]/[A]o) = -krt E. A = log(lo/l) = £[J]L12. Which of the following is the correct mechanism for the elimination reaction of 2bromo-2,3-dimethylbutane with methoxide? Il Br XX(X ||| H A. I B. II Br H OCH 3 OCH 3 X C. III D. IV IV Br -Br OCH3 OCH 3
- Which Transition state would have the lowest energy of activation for an Sn1 reaction? Transition State A Transition State B Transition State C H3C H H3C H;C. H --Br --Br ------Br H3C H H;C4. Explain why the rate of formation of 1-azidopropane is different depending on which halopropane (X = F, Cl, Br, I) is used. Explain which halopropane will react fastest? ~X X = F, Cl, Br, I NaN №3 1-azidopropaneArrange the following compounds in order of increasing reaction rate with HNO3/H2SO4. 1. C6H5CH=O II. C6H5OCH3 III. C6H5Br IV. C6H5CH3 O I(0 Erase2. As you are probably aware, some proteins "glow," most famously Green Fluorescent Protein (2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry). The color of these proteins can be shifted by an elimination reaction as described in the article "The E1 Mechanism in Photo-Induced B-Elimination Reactions for Green-to-Red Conversion of Fluorescent Proteins." NRVF. NRVF. His-Nu H N-ATTL. KİKGRX ATTL. HO NH HO His-Ce hv His-CB a) Propose a simple mechanism for the reaction using arrow pushing. b) How might His-Na (which sits in the surrounding protein) accelerate the reaction? To initiate the reaction, should this histidine be in its acid or conjugate base form? Draw this form of histidine side chain. c) How about His-CB? d) Provide a brief explanation of why the reaction yields a shift from green to red color.Final Reactant Concentrations and Reaction Rates [I-] [BrO3-] [H+] Reaction Time Rate of Reaction 2.8 x 10-5/time Expt. # M M M sec. M/sec 1 0.00166 0.0066 0.0166 258 1.08 x 10^-7 2 0.0033 0.0666 0.0166 135 2.07 x 10^-7 3 0.00166 0.0133 0.0166 132 2.12 x 10^-7 4 0.00166 0.0066 0.033 78 3.58 x 10^-7 1.Using the information above determine the rate law (m, n and p) for the reaction. Show all calculations/reasoning in your notebook. m_______________ n_________________ p ____________Final Reactant Concentrations and Reaction Rates [I-] [BrO3-] [H+] Reaction Time Rate of Reaction 2.8 x 10-5/time Expt. # M M M sec. M/sec 1 0.00166 0.0066 0.0166 258 2 0.0033 0.0666 0.0166 135 3 0.00166 0.0133 0.0166 132 4 0.00166 0.0066 0.033 78 FIND THE RATE?b. C. 4. Each of the following are single elementary steps taken from a mechanism. Determine whether each is likely to occur as written or not. If not, correct the step to show what is likely to occur. a. D. N=C-H Me. HO -H -C=N 70 Me HOH O otrof H N=C: MeQ4. Your report must include clearly labelled plots you have used to make the determination of the reaction order. Compare R2 valuesSEE MORE QUESTIONSRecommended textbooks for youChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind…ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEYChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind…ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY