An engineer is responsible to design a safe and stable foundation that can transmit the load uniformly under the structure. You are assigned to design a foundation for a double- storey reinforced concrete shop house in Batu Pahat, Johor. FIGURE Q4(a) and FIGURE Q4(b) show the layout plan and artist illustration for the building, respectively. The soil condition of the construction site is soft clay with a low bearing capacity value.  Briefly explain FIVE (5) factors that need to be considered in the design

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Layout and Design

The layout is the process of marking all the building components on the land from the prepared plan. The layout of construction includes transferring the whole plan of foundations, boundaries of the structure, centerline of the wall, and all other important structural parts on the ground along with the length and width so that the components of buildings can be excavated properly. Designing is the process of establishing the concept of the building on paper in a properly engineered manner.