Astronomers have made great strides in sending probes out to other planets and moons in our solar system. If they were to find a living creature some place other than Earth, how could DNA analysis help them better understand the organism? Explain in 1-2 sentences. B I U ⠀
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- There are three basic steps of DNA extraction: cell lysis, separation, and extraction. In the procedure for extracting DNA from human cheek cells, which parts belong to or explain the aforementioned three basic steps? You may refer to the following procedure: http://www.planet-science.com/categories/experiments/biology/2012/03/extract-your-own-dna.aspxWhy do we study the DNA sequence of human organism?As the cost of DNA sequencingdecreases and the amount ofsequence data accumulates, howare we going to keep track of andmeaningfully analyze this vast amountof information? What new questionswill this information allow us to answer?
- Please use information from the text below and your knowledge of biology to answer the final two (2) questions. In 2003, as a result of the Human Genome Project, the complete sequence of all the bases in human DNA was released to the public. Although knowing the entire sequence of bases has proven valuable, scientists are currently working to map genes. Mapping genes involves determining the exact location of each gene. Since much of human DNA does not code for a protein, it is challenging to figure out which segments are actual genes. Often, scientists look at the percent composition of bases in a segment of DNA. If the segment of DNA has a large percentage of C and G bases (together over 50%), it is likely that it is a gene and codes for a protein. 9. A scientist analyzed the bases in a segment of DNA from a human skin cell to determine if it codes for a protein. The base A (Adenine) is 11% of the bases in this segment of DNA. Calculate the percentage of bases that would be C…Consider the following four DNA sequences taken from the a homologous gene from four different organisms. The bases are in groups of 10 for ease of interpretation. ACTGCGAGGT ACTGCGAGTT ACTTCGAGTT GCCATGTCAС GCCGTGAGAC GCCATGTGAC AGTACTGACG Organism 1 Organism 2 Organism 3 Organism 4 GCATCAGGAТ GCACCAGGAT GCATCAGGAT ACGCAGAAAT AATTCTGAGA AGTACTGACA AGTTCTGAGA ACGCAGAAAT ATGCAGAAAT GCTGCGAGTT GCACCAGGAT GCCATGACÁC ACGCGAAAAT a. For each pair of organisms determine the genetic distance between them. The genetic distance is simply the percentage difference between the two genes. Since each sequence is 50 base bases long, the genetic distance will be 2x the number of base differences. For example, if two sequences are identical except for one base, the genetic distance is 2%. b. List the genetic distances in the table below for each pair of organisms. Organism 1 Organism 2 Organism 3 Organism 4 Organism 4 Organism 3 Organism 2 Organism 1 c. Draw a phylogenetic tree of these 4 organisms, in…Please use information from the text below and your knowledge of biology to answer the final two (2) questions. In 2003, as a result of the Human Genome Project, the complete sequence of all the bases in human DNA was released to the public. Although knowing the entire sequence of bases has proven valuable, scientists are currently working to map genes. Mapping genes involves determining the exact location of each gene. Since much of human DNA does not code for a protein, it is challenging to figure out which segments are actual genes. Often, scientists look at the percent composition of bases in a segment of DNA. If the segment of DNA has a large percentage of C and G bases (together over 50%), it is likely that it is a gene and codes for a protein. 10. Is it likely this segment of DNA codes for a protein? State 'yes' or 'no' AND support your answer using information from the text.
- Let’s suppose you have recently identified an organism that wasscraped from an asteroid that hit the earth. (Fortunately, no onewas injured.) When you analyze this organism, you discover thatits DNA is a triple helix, composed of six different nucleotides: A,T, G, C, X, and Y. You analyze the composition of the DNA andfind the following amounts of the six bases: A = 24%, T = 23%,G = 11%, C = 12%, X = 21%, Y = 9%. What rules would you proposethat govern triplex-DNA formation in this organism? Note: There is more than one possibility.1 2 Today's technology has made it easier to quickly and accurately generate DNA profiles. In this part of the activity, you will model the process yourself to solve a crime. Good luck, detective! Crime Report: A thief has stolen a priceless collection of jewels from the Museum of Precious Jewels. Forensic technicians obtained skin cells from a forehead print left on the glass enclosure of the jewel exhibit. DNA has been isolated and PCR amplified for some of the standard STR loci. A partial genetic profile generated from the collected DNA is shown in Figure 5. 10 50 DNA Profile from Forehead Print Number of base pairs 00 50 40 D58818 075830 I 16 MU DES1179 Shandand (10) 70 CSF1PO DITS820 80 100 Figure 5. The DNA profile of the forehead print from the scene of the crime. Each colored line shows the alleles for one of four of the core CODIS STR loci (D5S818, CSF1PO, D7S820, D8S1179). and data for the four STR loci that were included in the A suspect was identified in the case. Her DNA…A biology professor at a prestigious university stated to his introductory class that “Today, a basic understanding of DNA and genetics is as important as a basic understanding of computers and the internet.”
- A large public and private effort went into sequencing the human genome. What did this project hope to accomplish; how did emerging technology assist the project (ie recombinant DNA, super-computing, automated sequencing), was it successful and what is the usefulness of what was learned in this massive effort?Scientists have reportedly isolated short fragments of DNA from fossilized dinosaur bones hundreds of millions of years old. The technique used to isolate this DNA is the polymerase chain reaction, which is capable of amplifying very small amounts of DNA a millionfold. Critics have claimed that the DNA isolated from dinosaur bones is not purely of ancient origin, but instead has been contaminated by DNA from present-day organisms such as bacteria, mold, or humans. What precautions, analyses, and control experiments could be carried out to ensure that DNA recovered from fossils is truly of ancient origin?Why is molecular technique (molecular genetics) the most advanced method used in studying genetics? In what fileds of sciences would this technique be applicable?