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- 11. Calculate the estimated population size, N, given a study that initially marked 100 animals and subsequently captured 50, of which 25 were marked. 12. When sampling a species that has clumped distributions, which approach listed below is best? A) sampling at random locations B) counting every individual C) calculating an ecological density D) assuming a uniform distributionThe selection of sites for sampling must be A. selected and sampled from largest area to smallest. B. carefully selecting for specific features by the researcher. C. methodical and must all be within close proximity to each other. D. random.All the following are methods used in.18 probability samples except one a. Simple random sampling O b. Systematic sampling c. Stratified sampling d. Snow ball sampling O
- 3. A 1998 study of grizzly bears in the Kananaskis area estimated the population size at 48 to 56 individuals. The study area encompassed 4000 hectares. a) Use the values to determine maximum and minimum density estimates for the population.For each of the situations described below, indicate the type of error that would most likely occur. Each of the numbered options can be used once, more than once, or not at all. i. Selection bias ii. Nondifferential misclassification iii. Differential misclassification iv. Confounding v. Ecologic fallacy vi. Random error a. In a cohort study of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and risk of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD), high income level is associated with both HRT use and risk of CAD. b. In a case-control study of the relation between stressful daily events and asthma attacks, cases are more likely than controls to over-report the amount of stress. c. In a cohort study of use of video display terminals (VDTs) and risk of carpal tunnel syndrome, the users of VDTs are more difficult to trace than nonusers, resulting in a greater loss to follow-up of VDT users. d.…The fundamental axiom of preventive medicine suggests that: Select one: a. We should screen the population to identify those with only slightly abnormal values (e.g. blood pressure) and then treat those individuals preventatively. O O b. We should screen the population to identify those with highly abnormal values (e.g. blood pressure) and then treat only those individuals. C. We should screen the population to identify those with only slightly abnormal values (e.g. blood pressure) and then only treat those individuals who show symptoms of disease. d. We should not screen the population and identify those with highly abnormal values (e.g. blood pressure) as they become sick and then treat only those individuals.
- 1. An aquaponics system is a system in which fish and plants are grown together. Shane Ahrens wanted to know if tumbled glass could be used as a media in an aquaponics system. He grew kale in clay and glass (in mesh cups suspended in the water) and measured kale biomass. What is the null hypothesis? What is the alternative hypothesis? Calculate the sample mean and variance for each treatment and then calculate the t statistic and degrees of freedom. Kale Biomass (mg) Clay Glass 17.5 37.1 13.9 31.1 31.2 28.7 29.9 37.5 22.5 28.1 Mean Variance (n, – 1)s², + (n2 – 1)s²2 × n + n2 -2 + n2 d.f. = If you conduct this analysis in R, the output tells you the p-value = 0.042. What conclusion can you make (i.e., accept or reject the null hypothesis)? Explain how you reached this conclusion. Write a sentence as you would for the results section of a paper.You wish to determine the abundance of the state- and federally-endangered Prairie Fringed Orchid (Platanthera lecuophaea) in a local prairie. (a) The prairie is approximately 100 acres of relatively flat terrain. Considering the “basic” sampling strategies, what might be a good sampling design (can just give the name)? Why? (b) You decide also to evaluate the abundance of the orchid in another prairie. The second prairie is of similar size but has a hilly terrain. What might be a good sampling strategy? Why?1. If quantitative change were all that existed, what would a butterfly be? What would a human being be? First, think about how a butterfly and a human start out; then think of how that being would end up if only quantitative change existed. Try your best on this question. Remember that the professor provides the expected answer. Do not copy an answer from students in previous semesters as this practice prevents true understanding of concepts.
- 6. Interpreting Data The figure below shows the frequency of foot phenotypes in a population of blue-footed boobies. What is the frequency of the w allele in this population? a) 0.2 b) 0.4 Phenotypes c) 0.5 Genotypes ww Ww ww d) 0.6 Number of animals (total = 500) 320 160 20 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 7. Interpreting Data The figure below shows the frequency of foot phenotypes in a population of blue-footed boobies. What is the expected frequency of the WW genotype in this population assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? (Hint: The frequency of W is 0.5 and the frequency of w is 0.5.) a) 0.20 Phenotypes b) 0.25 c) 0.40 Genotypes ww Ww w d) 0.50 Number of animals (total = 500) 320 160 20 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 8. Interpreting Data The figure below shows the frequency of foot phenotypes in a population of blue-footed boobies. Is this population in Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium? а) yes b) no Phenotypes Genotypes Ww ww Number of animals 320 160 20 (total =…What is the null hypothesis? Group of answer choices a)The hypothesis that any patterns in the observed data is due to chance alone and therefore significant. b)The hypothesis that the observed data is invalid c)The hypothesis that any patterns in the observed data is due to chance alone and therefore not significant. A scientist usually accepts a p-value (or alpha level) of 0.05 as the threshold value to reject the null hypothesis. Group of answer choices a)True b)FalseThe purpose of the experiment is to study how_____(IV) affects the _______(DV). Explain the background of the experiment and briefly describe the procedure. When explaining the background of the experiment, you are giving an overview of limiting factors. You should include evidence found in the background of information in the lab. Be sure to include examples of limiting factors, explain how limiting factors affect carrying capacity of a population. When describing the procedure be sure to include a summary of the steps used to gather the data.