ATP NAD+ FADH2 Coenzyme A ATP synthase oxidizing agent in metabolism enzyme "motor" located on the inner membrane of mitochondria works with CoQ10 in oxidative phosphorylation shuttles electrons in the e- transport chain provides energy to drive an endergonic reaction forward shuttles two-carbon units (acetyl groups) reducing agent in metabolism turns pyruvate to lactate in anaerobic conditions
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- Electrons carried via NADH Electrons carried via NADH and FADH ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION GLYCOLYSIS Glucose Pyruvate KREBS CYCLE Cytosol Mitochondrion ATF ynthase ATP ATP ATP Substrate-level phosphorylation Substrate-level phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation Copyng C Pearson Eaucaton e p ng RL Elergamen Cummmgs Figure 5. The Process of Cellular Respiration Explain the major events of the celluar respiration based on the given diagram.Acetyl CoA 00-COA COA Six -carbon molecule formed from acetyl CoA + oxaloacetate Four-carbon acceptor molecule (regenerated in each cycle) O00000 Citrate One carbon lost as 5 co2 O000 Oxaloacetate NAD+ NADH NADH + CO2 NAD* Secand carbon NAD+ lost as COz NADH + COD Reduced electron carrier similar to NADH Z7 GDP, O FADH2 Energy-carrying n molecule equivalent FAD GTP to ATPMatch the following B vitamins with the roles of their coenzymes: riboflavin [ Choose ] niacin [ Choose ] pantothenic acid [ Choose ] vitamin B6 [ Choose ]
- Match group A with group B: Group A Group B ATP synthase that makes ATP, is a Pyruvate part of Transfers the electrons from cyt c to O2 NADH Both glycogen synthesis and glycogen +NAD breakdown share the metabolite Glucose converted into two of these ТСА суcle molecules a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase ETC inhibited by The central catabolic pathway is Ubiquinone Cytochrome c oxidase Glucose-1- phosphateThere are eight chemical reactions that occur in the citric acid cycle process. The reactions of the citric acid cycle are shown in the figure below. acetyl-coenzyme A 0 CH₂-C-CoA HO-CH Reaction 7 O malate CH₂ CH || CH fumarate FADH₂ Reaction 6 FAD H+ + NADH NAD+ 1,0 H₂C CH₂ CH₂ Reaction 8 succinate ADP 0=C GTP CH₂ oxaloacetate Reaction 5 H-COA GDP ATP H₂O Reaction 1 C Reactions of the Citric Acid Cycle CH₂ CH₂ H-COA 0=C 1 CoA succinyl-CoA H+ HO-C Reaction CO₂ с CH₂ NADH CH₂ citrate Reaction 2 H-COA Reaction 3 CO₂ I CH₂ T CH₂ 0=C NAD+ HO–CH a-ketoglutarate CH, CH isocitrate NAD+ H+ + NADH In chapters 9 and 10, you were introduced to several classes of organic reactions. These classes include esterification, decarboxylation, hydration reactions, dehydration of alcohols, oxidation of alcohols, oxidation of aldehydes, reduction of aldehydes, and reduction of ketones. Find at least one of these reaction classes in the citric acid cycle. List the reaction number and the reaction. Write a…CO2 Iragment (interinediary) to slaction transport chain CH Pyruvate -Krebs/citric acid cycle COA COO CH C - S CH2 HO C CO" CH2 Acetyi CoA CH COO CH2 HS-COA H0-CH NADH HC CH2 NAD+ Oxaloacetate Citrate HO-CH Isocitrate NAD+ Malate NADH CO H20- CH a-Ketoglutarate CH2 HC NAD+ Fumarate NADH CH2 COO O2 FADH FAD Suceinyl CoA Succinate COO GTP GDP CO" 1. CH: PO. CH2 CH2 CH2 GTP 1. S COA GDP COO ADP ATP iii. An acyl-group transfer can be seen twice in the cycle. The first time when -SCOA group on acetyl- COA is replaced with OH from water (which then is
- Acetyi CoA Oxaloncetate CoA NADH NAD: Citrate Isccitrate Malate NAD co NADH Funaate »FADH; FAD a- Ketoglutarate Succinate NAD ATP Succinyt CuA NADH ADP - P, If you were told to add one of the eight citric acid cycle intermediates to the culture medium fo yeast growing in the laboratory, what do you think would happen to the rates of ATP and carbon dioxide production? (see the above figure) a. There would be no change in ATP production, but the rate of CO2 production would increase. b. The rates of ATP production and CO2 production would both increase, c. The rate of ATP production would increase, but the rate of CO2 production would decrease. d. The rates fo ATP and CO2 production would both decrease.The enzyme is considered to be alan * ÇOO ÇOO Lactate dehydrogenase HO-C-H+ NAD C=0 + NADH + H CH: Pyruvate Lactate O Oxydoreductase O Isomerase O Hydrolase O Ligase O DehydrataseSome cofactors that participate in the reactions of the citric acid cycle are indicated by letters. Identify the position of positions of NADH in the cycle by selecting the appropriate letter or letters designating its position(s) in the cycle diagram. COA CH, HO--Co, CH čo, 8 CO но-сн CH HC -Co, CO HO-CH LA Citric acid cycle H,0 co, -B COA | 4 Co, čo D.
- The enzyme that catalyzes reaction below can be classified as: CoO COO NAD+ NADH + H* Но- | malate -C- H-Ć- dehydrogenase Охaloacetate Malate isomerase lyase hydrolase oxidoreductase ligase transferaseDraw OUT THE arrow pushing reaction mechanism for the following steps of glycolysis: SHOW/IDENTIFY the arrow pushing mechanism in at least 2 steps. CH,OPO CH,OH hexokinase 2+ H H H H H H ОН + ATP OH H ADP + H+ H ОН + НО HO OH H ОН H ОН Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) GlucosePyruvate + NAD+ + CoA → Acetyl COA NAIDHI + H + CO₂ This is the overall reaction for the pathway of Glycolysis Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate Fatty acid oxidation Ellectron transport Oxidative phosphorylation TCA or citric acid cycle