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- Assume that there is a single router between Alice's host and Bob's host. The bandwidth of the first link, i.e., from Alice's host to the router, is R1 bits/sec. The second link, which connects the router to Bob, has a bandwidth of R2 bits/sec. A. What is the total end-to-end delay for a packet of K bits that is sent from Alice's host to Bob's host? Ignore queueing, nodal, and propagation delay. B. Give a formula for calculating the throughput of the connection between the two hosts.Question:Now suppose that the message is segmented into 20 packets, with each packet being 1,000,000 bits long. How long does it take to move the first packet from source host to the first switch?When the first packet is being sent from the first switch to the second switch, the second packet is being sent from the source host to the first switch. At what time will the second packet be fully received at the first switch?Host A sends the information of size 3000 bytes to Host B using TCP protocol. As long as Host B receives each packet in size 1000 bytes, Host B must acknowledge Host A. We assume the header size in each packet is 40 bytes. How many packets does Host A send to Host B totally? Question 18 options: 3 4 2 5
- Between Host Q and Host Y, there are ten routers in a network. How many data connections will there be between Host Q and Host Y when a packet is sent from Host Q to Host Y? (Hint: Draw something.) How many routes are there? How many frames are there?In packet switching: A. Dissembling and re-assembling of data is not required. B. Every chunk of data may select a different route. C. The bandwidth will be allocated for a route which is defined by the router algorithm. D. Every chunk of data have to select a different route. E. None is true. 18-Suppose that between a sending host and a receiving host there is exactly one packet switch. The transmission rates between the sending host and the switch and between the switch and the receiving host are R 1 and R2, respectively. Assuming that the router uses store-and-forward packet switching, what is the total end-to-end delay to send a packet of length L. (Ignore queuing and propagation delay.)
- Suppose there is exactly one packet switch between a sending host and a receiving host. The transmission rate between the sending host and the switch and between the switch and the receiving host are R1 and R2 respectively. If the switch uses store-and-forward packetswitching,what is the total end-to-end delay to send a packet of length L? (Ignore queuing, propagation delay, and processing delay.)Suppose Host A sends two consecutive TCP segments to Host B over a TCP connection. The sequence number of the first segment is 748, and the sequence number of the second one is 995. Determine the size of the payload carried by the first segment.Suppose that the first segment is lost but the second segment arrives at host B. What will be the acknowledgment number of the acknowledgment segment that Host B sends to Host A?A packet switch receives a packet and determines the outbound link to which the packet should be forwarded. When the packet arrives, one other packet is halfway done being transmitted on this outbound link and four other packets are waiting to be transmitted. Packets are transmitted in order of arrival. Suppose all packets are 1,200 bytes and the link rate is 2 Mbps. What is the queuing delay for the packet? More generally, what is the queuing delay when all packets have length L, the transmission rate is R, x bits of the currently-being-transmitted packet have been transmitted, and n packets are already in the queue?
- Assume that a Host A contacts a name server B to get a cached DNS response (i.e., B does not have to go to the root name server, TLD name server, or authoritative name server to get a response). Suppose that A and B can communicate using UDP or TCP. However, any packet sent from A to B or from B to A has an independent chance of being lost of 10%. Let the round trip time for a packet to go from A to B and back (or B to A and back) be RTT. Let A start at a time = 0s. When the time is 2RTT, which of TCP or UDP is the better option for A to get the DNS response from B? Better here means higher probability of correctly receiving the DNS response5. Consider the network below. Suppose that this network is a datagram network. Show the forwarding table in router D, such that all traffic destined to host H1 is forwarded through interface 1. а. Suppose that this network is a datagram network. Can you write down a forwarding table in router A, such that all traffic from H1 destined to host H3 is forwarded through interface 3, while all traffic from H2 destined to host H3 is forwarded through interface 4? (Hint: this is a trick question.) Now suppose that this network is a virtual circuit network and that there is one ongoing call between H1 and H3, and another ongoing call between H2 and H3. Write down a forwarding table in router A, such that all traffic from H1 destined to host H3 is forwarded through interface 4, while all traffic from H2 destined to host H3 is forwarded through interface 3. с. Assuming the same scenario as (c), write down the forwarding tables in nodes B, C, and D. d. Assuming the same scenario as (c) and if the…a. Suppose we send into the Internet two IP datagrams, each carrying a different UDP segment. The first datagram has source IP address A1, destination IP address B, source port P1, and destination port T. The second datagram has source IP address A2, destination IP address B, source port P2, and destination port T. Suppose that A1 is different from A2 and that P1 is different from P2. Assuming that both datagrams reach their final destination, will the two UDP datagrams be received by the same socket? Why or why not? b. Suppose Alice, Bob, and Claire want to have an audio conference call using SIP and RTP. For Alice to send and receive RTP packets to and from Bob and Claire, is only one UDP socket sufficient (in addition to the socket needed for the SIP messages)? If yes, then how does Alice's SIP client distinguish between the RTP packets received from Bob and Claire?