Based on the list of intra- and extracellular concentrations shown below, ( ) is probably used as a source of energy for the externalization (movement to the outside) of some molecules, while () is more likely to serve as a signaling molecule. Table 11-1 A Comparison of lon Concentrations Inside and Outside a Typical Mammalian Cell COMPONENT Cations Na K+ Mg2+ Ca²+ H+ A. K+, Ca2+ B. Na+, K+ C. Mg2+, Ca2+ D. Ca+,H+ E. K+, Na+ INTRACELLULAR CONCENTRATION (mm) 5-15 140 0.5 104 7 x 10-5 (10-7-2M or pH 7.2) EXTRACELLULAR CONCENTRATION (mm) 145 5 1-2 1-2 4x 10-5 (10-74 M or pH 7.4)

Based on the list of intra- and extracellular concentrations shown below, ( ) is probably used as a source of energy for the externalization (movement to the outside) of some molecules, while () is more likely to serve as a signaling molecule. Table 11-1 A Comparison of lon Concentrations Inside and Outside a Typical Mammalian Cell COMPONENT Cations Na K+ Mg2+ Ca²+ H+ A. K+, Ca2+ B. Na+, K+ C. Mg2+, Ca2+ D. Ca+,H+ E. K+, Na+ INTRACELLULAR CONCENTRATION (mm) 5-15 140 0.5 104 7 x 10-5 (10-7-2M or pH 7.2) EXTRACELLULAR CONCENTRATION (mm) 145 5 1-2 1-2 4x 10-5 (10-74 M or pH 7.4)

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter4: Principles Of Neural And Hormonal Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5RE: Second-messenger systems ultimately bring about the desired cell response by inducing a change in...

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Animal cells utilize rapid increases in cytosolic Ca++ ion concentration to respond to certain extracellular signals. This requires keeping the cytosolic Ca++ ion concentration very low in the absence of signal (when the cell is “at rest”) and increasing the cytosolic Ca++ ion concentration when a signal is detected. Propose a mechanism by which the action of Ca++ transport proteins in the plasma membrane can account for the reversibility of Ca++ levels in the cytosol. Be sure to indicate whether active or passive transport is involved as well as the type of transport protein (channel or carrier) responsible.
What is the energy requirement to transport 3 mol of Na+ across the membrane by the Nat-K+ ATPase transporter protein at 37 °C under conditions in which the membrane potential is 70 mV (the inside of the cell is negative relative to the outside) and the ion concentrations are as follows: + [K*]outside = 5 mM [K+Jinside = 140 mM [Na]outside = 150 mM [Na]inside = 10 mM O-41.22 kJ + 13.74 kJ +41.22 kJ O-13.74 kJ
Intestinal epithelial cells pump glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient using the Na+– glucose symporter. Recall that the Na+ concentration is significantly higher outside the cell than inside the cell. The symporter couples the "downhill" transport of two Na+ ions into the cell to the "uphill" transport of glucose into the cell. If the Na+ concentration outside the cell ([Na+]out) is 163 mM and that inside the cell ([Na+]in) is 21.0 mM, and the cell potential is −54.0 mV (inside negative), calculate the maximum energy available for pumping a mole of glucose into the cell. Assume the temperature is 37 °C.
Pls send solution fast within 10 minutes and i will give like for sure Solution must be in typed form Calcium ions bind to the SERCA Ca2+ -ATPase, which has two identical calcium sites, in two stages with apparent equilibrium constants K1=7×105M−1 and K2=2×106M−1 . a.) Calculate K. Note: K is not 0.1*1013 or 14*1011 or 1*1012. b.) Calculate τ.
Intestinal epithelial cells pump glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient using the Nat-glucose symporter. Recall that the Na+ concentration is significantly higher outside the cell than inside the cell. The symporter couples the "downhill" transport of two Na+ ions into the cell to the "uphill" transport of glucose into the cell. If the Na+ concentration outside the cell ([Na+]out) is 155 mM and that inside the cell ([Na+ lin) is 21.0 mM, and the cell potential is -52.0 mV (inside negative), calculate the maximum energy available for pumping a mole of glucose into the cell. Assume the temperature is 37 °C. AGgluc = kJ mol What is the maximum ratio of [glucose] in to [glucose]out that could theoretically be produced if the energy coupling were 100% efficient? O 2700 7.89 O 1.14 3.7 x 10-4
Intestinal epithelial cells pump glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient using the Na*-glucose symporter. Recall that the Na+ concentration is significantly higher outside the cell than inside the cell. The symporter couples the "downhill" transport of two Na+ ions into the cell to the "uphill" transport of glucose into the cell. If the Na+ concentration outside the cell ([Na* lout) is 147 mM and that inside the cell ([Na+]in) is 17.0 mM, and the cell potential is -54.0 mV (inside negative), calculate the maximum energy available for pumping a mole of glucose into the cell. Assume the temperature is 37 °C. AG gluc kJ mol What is the maximum ratio of [glucose]in to [glucose] out that could theoretically be produced if the energy coupling were 100% efficient? 1.13 2.3 × 10-4 8.36 4300
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Very briefly, explain how increased cytoplasmic IP3 levels can then increase cytoplasmic calcium (Ca2+) levels.
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