BIOGEOGRAPHY 1. A reconstruction of the history of life on Earth. FOSSIL RECORD 2. The similarities in the nucleotide sequences among related organisms. DNA SEQUENCE SIMILARITY 3. The similarities among organisms that are due to the fact that the organisms evolved from a common ancestor. EMBRYONIC SIMILARITY 4. The geographic locations where related organisms and fossils are found. 5. Specifically during development, complex structures in descendant species that are generally elaborations of structures that existed in the common ancestor. HOMOLOGOUS TRAITS

BIOGEOGRAPHY 1. A reconstruction of the history of life on Earth. FOSSIL RECORD 2. The similarities in the nucleotide sequences among related organisms. DNA SEQUENCE SIMILARITY 3. The similarities among organisms that are due to the fact that the organisms evolved from a common ancestor. EMBRYONIC SIMILARITY 4. The geographic locations where related organisms and fossils are found. 5. Specifically during development, complex structures in descendant species that are generally elaborations of structures that existed in the common ancestor. HOMOLOGOUS TRAITS

Human Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305112100

Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Chapter23: Principles Of Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5SQ

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What's More Activity 3. Deepening The Concepts Directions: Answer the following questions. 1. How does (a) relative dating and (b) absolute/radioactive datine determine the age of fossils? 2. How does embryology provide evidence for evolution? 3. How do homologous and vestigial structures provide evidence for evolution? 4. What could be possible for some species belonging to the same family to be presently living in various locations on Earth? You can furthel support your answer with an example.
PART II. FOSSILS DIRECTIONS: Examine the illustrations of the marine organisms shown below whose fossils make up part of the fossil record. These organisms are arranged from oldest to most recent. Draw an animal that might have been a transitional (intermediate) form between shown organisms. Then use the diagrams to answer the questions that follow. Organism 1 Organism 2 Organism 3 NER Organism 6 Organism 5 Organism 4
PART II. FOSSILS DIRECTIONS: Examine the illustrations of the marine organisms shown below whose fossils make up part of the fossil record. These organisms are arranged from oldest to most recent. Draw an animal that might have been a transitional (intermediate) form between shown organisms. Then use the diagrams to answer the questions that follow. Organism 1 Organism 2 Organism 3 Organism 6 Organism 5 Organism 4 Illustrated by Mary Vienne M. Pascual 1. Describe one characteristic you see in organism 3 which might have had an advantage over organism 2. 1 2. How might these fossils provide evidence for evolution? 4
You have now studied three different types of anatomical structures. Homologous structures show individual variations on a common anatomical theme. These are seen in organisms that are closely related. 1. Give an example of a homologous structure from this activity: Analogous structures have very different anatomies but similar functions. These are seen in organismsthat are not necessarily closely related but live in similar environments and have similar adaptations. 2. Give an example of an analogous structure from this activity: Vestigial structures are anatomical remnants that were important in the organism's ancestors but are nolonger used in the same way. 3. Give an example of a vestigial structure from this activity:
What's In Let us review what you have learned from the previous module. Answer the activity below. ACTIVITY 1. Match Me! Directions: Match Column A with the correct answers in Column B by writing the number of your answers in the Answer Grid. If all your answers are correct, the sum when answers are added horizontally, vertically, or diagonally will give you a magic number. Column A Column B a. A process in which new species form b. Authored the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection 1. Thomas Malthus 2. Hybrid sterility 3. Pre-mating isolating mechanism c. It occurs when a hybrid develops, matures but fails to reproduce d. States population limits resources e. Species will different mating seasons f. Sought pieces of evidence for the idea of uniformitarianism that increasing human 4. Jean Baptiste Lamarck due 5. Temporal isolation not mate to 6. Speciation 1
What's In Let us review what you have learned from the previous module. Answer the activity below. ACTIVITY 1. Match Me! Directions: Match Column A with the correct answers in Column B by writing the number of your answers in the Answer Grid. If all your answers are correct, the sum when answers are added horizontally, vertically, or diagonally will give you a magic number. Column A Column B a. A process in which new species form b. Authored the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection 1. Thomas Malthus 2. Hybrid sterility c. It occurs when a hybrid develops, matures but fails to reproduce increasing 3. Pre-mating isolating mechanism d. States that human 4. Jean Baptiste Lamarck population limits resources e. Species will different mating seasons f. Sought pieces of evidence for the idea of uniformitarianism due to 5. Temporal isolation not mate 6. Speciation
PART I. THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION. DIRECTIONS: Complete the paragraph about evidence of evolution by choosing the correct word provided below. biogeography fossils homologous molecular vestigial The theory of evolution states that modern species have descended from ancestral species through evolution and speciation. It is supported by a large body of evidence such as found in geologic strata. These are remnants of ancient life that provide evidence for the evolutionary change through now-extinct forms that led to modern species. Modern species retain certain structures that arose from a common ancestor structures. Other remnants of what was once useful to the ancestors are or the findings of the original distribution of related species across the Earth the connections between ancient evidence, DNA sequences have also shed light on the occurrence of such as structures. Furthermore, we can infer from the landmasses. Finally, through some of the mechanisms of evolution.
WRITE ABOUT A THEME: Organization You have seenmany examples of how form fits function at all levels of thebiological hierarchy. However, we can imagine forms thatwould function better than some forms actually found innature. For example, if the wings of a bird were not formedfrom its forelimbs, such a hypothetical bird could fly yet alsohold objects with its forelimbs. In a short essay (100–150words), use the concept of “evolution as tinkering” to explainwhy there are limits to the functionality of forms in nature.
Proof of Evolution (select the one that fits the best): O Fossil record, Biochemestry, vestigial structures and comparative anatomy O Fossil record, vestigial structures, analogous structures and lack of genetic diversity O Transitional fossils, vestigial structures, big bang theory and similar structures O Fossil record, the big bang, Biochemestry, similar genes in close related species
Through _______, a body part of an ancestor is modified differently in different lines of descent. a. homologous evolution b. morphological convergence c. adaptive divergence d. morphological divergence
Shows how modern organisms descended from common ancestors Structures that do not serve a function and are similar to those found in earlier organisms 1. Transitional Species Compares the age of fossils to each other based on the layers of rock they are found in 2. Vestigial structure 3. Fossil Record 4. Relative Dating Evidence of gradual change between a new species and its ancestor 5. Radiometric Dating Structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor 6. Homologous Structures uses radioactive elements to narrow down the age of a fossil to a specific period
Microtaxonomy ( Species and Speciation ) People who do not believe in evolution often cite the classic example of man presumably evolving from the apes. They oftern ask: if humans evolved from apes, why are there apes until today? How will you provide a convincing answer that there is no contradiction in the existence of apes and humans at the same time?