Briefly explain the immunological responses to bacterial superantigens and explain how they differ from a normal antigen response.

Q: Relate examples of secondary immunodefi ciencies.

A: Secondary immunodeficiency - Secondary immunodeficiency are the disorder, which is caused by…

Q: Briefly explain about Two types of Immunomodulators(Immunosuppressant and Immunostimulant)

A: Immunomodulators These drugs redesign the immune system and are used in immune therapy. The common…

Q: Explain the type, order of appearance, and amount of immunoglobulin in each response and what causes…

A: Antibodies are soluble glycoproteins composed of a pair of identical polypeptide light chain and…

Q: Enlist two immunological diagnostic techniques that rely on a secondary antibody and explain their…

A: In Immunological diagnostic techniques, antigen and antibody play the key role. Specific antigen…

Q: Summarize the advantage of using a monoclonal antibodyfor diagnosis or treatment, versus using…

A: Antibodies are an important part of the defense mechanism of the body. They help in fighting…

Q: Define the term immunological surveillance, and identify the cells involved in this function.

A: Immunological surveillance is the monitoring process of immune system that detects and also destroys…

Q: Summarize antibody production starting with pathogeninteraction with a B cell.

A: Introduction  Our immune system plays key role in defence against harmful foreign particles be it…

Q: Describe briefly the three effector functions of complement activation that result from the initial…

A:

Q: Describe passive immunity and give examples of how it may occur naturally and how it may be…

A: Immunity is the type of defense system present within the body from the time of birth that protects…

Q: Describe the difference between (A) ‘naked antibodies’ and (B) conjugated antibodies in the context…

A: Cancer is a condition in which the cells undergo infinite multiplication and differentiation causing…

Q: Define immunological tolerance, and explain mechanisms that may be responsible for T and B…

A: The lymphocyte is the type of white blood cell present in the vertebrate immune system. Lymphocytes…

Q: Illustrate the solid phase “sandwich” immunoassaY AND What does the “s” in HBs stand for? What other…

A: Introduction: The antigen-antibody reaction is an association between an antigen and the antibody…

Q: Distinguish between primary and secondary immunodeficiencies,explaining how each develops.

A: Immunodeficiencies:                 The malfunction of the immune system, ends in infections that…

Q: List characteristics of antigens that optimize their immunogenicity.

A: Antigens can be defined as the substances that are responsible for immune response in the body by…

Q: Analyze the primary and secondary responses to antigens andimmunogens, including the importance of…

A: The primary response is an immune response generated by the immune cells of the body on exposure to…

Q: Explain in detail differences between complement protein and complement regulatory protein?

A: The immune system is involved in protecting the body from pathogens such as viruses and bacteria,…

Q: Pus is both a sign of infection and an indicator ofimmune defenses in action. Explain.

A: Pus is thick, opaque, yellowish protein-rich fluid that is filled with dead cells and white blood…

Q: Describe and give one example: artificial active acquired immunity artificial passive…

A: Artificial active acquired immunity:                      A protection produced by intentional…

Q: What are the types of Immunomodulator agents?  Please explain each of them?  Please answer at your…

A: Immunomodulators are substances that operate on the pathways that control the immune system's…

Q: Compare active natural immunity and passiveartificial immunity, describing the causativemechanism…

A: In the human body, the resistance against the entry of any foreign particle or antigens is executed…

Q: Identify the intrinsic and extrinsic properties of an immunogen.

A: Immune system protects the body against infection. It is a complex network of cells and proteins.…

Q: Describe the mechanism of the classical complement pathway and discuss the critical role that the…

A: Introduction :- One of three pathways that activate the complement system, which is part of the…

Q: Define the Immunotherapy with genetically engineered TCells ?

A: The treatment of diseases by activation or suppression of the immune system is immunotherapy or…

Q: Match the best choice of information about immunoglobulliins with the IG match The answer options…

A: Immunoglobulin are antibody molecules which are made up of carbohydrates and proteins. They are main…

Q: Define vaccine.

A: Immunity  It is the ability of body to fight infections. Types -  1) on the basis of source Natural…

Q: Compare and contrast the immunologic reactions involved in types I through IV hypersensitivities.

A: Ans: Hypersensitivities: It is the undesirable response or reactions elicited by the normal immune…

Q: Describe how the antibodies created from the immunizations render and antigen harmless

A: Antigen-It is foreign particle which enter in body and harmful for body.eg pathogens,bacteria etc.…

Q: List the classes of antibody and discuss their diagnostic significance

A: Antibodies is also known as immunoglobulin (Ig). Antibodies are Y shaped proteins produced by plasma…

Q: Name and in brief describe the process by which immunological diversity is generated ?

A: Introduction  Antibodies can be induced by virtually all microorganisms. Antibodies must be diverse…

Q: Describe how the cells of the acquired-immunity system develop so that they do not recognize…

A: The adaptive immunity is a part of the immune system that is formed of specialized cells that stop…

Q: Name the major components of the innate immune response and describe how each of them combats…

A: Innate immunity is present since birth. Innate immunity is non-specific and lacks memory.

Q: Explain why people with B-cell deficiencies can benefit from artificial passive…

A: B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell of the lymphocyte subtype. They…

Q: Describe the two immunological diagnostic techniques that rely on a secondary antibody and explain…

A: Protein molecules known as antibodies or immunoglobulins are created by the body's immune cells.…

Q: Discuss the importance of the host complement response

A: 1-The importance of the host complement response is that it act as a  defence mechanism for…

Q: Explain the following concepts in human physiology and cite clinical instances, where applicable; a.…

A: Immune tolerance, or immunological tolerance, or immunotolerance, is the immune system's state of…

Q: Determine the features of antibodies that make them particularly suited for forming complexes with…

A: The human body has about 37 trillion cells in total, although a significant portion of them are…

Q: Briefly Explain this statement "Immunomodulator Agents "-Please explain at your own words.

A: There are certain drugs  which can modulate the immune response are called Immunomodulator. They are…

Q: Describe the structural components of an antibody and compare the features of the five…

A: Ans: Antibody: The Y shaped protein molecule also referred to as immunoglobulin (Ig), which…

Q: Illustrate the B-cell maturation process in response to antigen triggering

A: B cell  also known as B lymphocytes are type of immune cells that belongs to the subtype of B…

Q: Define the term passive immunization?

A: Immunization is a process in which an individual's immune system is boosted against an infectious…

Q: Identify two immunological diagnostic techniques that rely on a secondary antibody, and explain how…

A: Serology is the scientific study of blood serum and other bodily fluids. In practical immunological…

Q: How can the anamnestic response be explained in immunologic terms?

A: The immune system of the human body is divided into innate immunity and the adaptive immunity.…

Q: Explain the causes and effects of immunodeficiency

A: Immunodeficiency diseases are caused by a defect in one or more components of innate or adaptive…

Q: Name and in a brief describe the process by which immunological diversity is generated.

A: The ability of multicellular creatures to withstand dangerous germs is referred to as immunity.…

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