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Risk and return
Before understanding the concept of Risk and Return in Financial Management, understanding the two-concept Risk and return individually is necessary.
Capital Asset Pricing Model
Capital asset pricing model, also known as CAPM, shows the relationship between the expected return of the investment and the market at risk. This concept is basically used particularly in the case of stocks or shares. It is also used across finance for pricing assets that have higher risk identity and for evaluating the expected returns for the assets given the risk of those assets and also the cost of capital.
Consider a sample of year-end prices for Alphabet, Inc. (Google) over a five year period. Google did not pay a dividend over the sample period. YEAR PRICE 2012 $578.48 2011 $604.08 2010 $531.67 2009 $343.10 2008 $562.23 2007 $511.63 Calculate the standard deviation in the returns.
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- The sample data above represent the daily price (Adjusted Close) of Microsoft Corporation (MSFT) and Apple Inc. (AAPL) for the period from February 5, 2022, through February 9, 2022. The standard deviation of MSFT’s returns is approximately A. 0.94%. B. 2.71%. C. 5.97%. D. 9.08%.Maroon provided the following data from 2013 to 2018. Year Nominal Returns(%) Inflation (%) 2013 +8.90 +3.1 2014 +10.01 +2.9 2015 +8.60 +3.8 2016 +11.99 +4.7 2017 +8.10 +2.0 2018 +15.67 +2.6 (a) What was the standard deviation of the market returns? (b) Calculate the average real returns.Using the data in the table:, a. What was the average annual return of Microsoft stock from 2005-2017? b. What was the annual volatility for Microsoft stock from 2005-2017? a. What was the average annual return of Microsoft stock from 2005-2017? The average annual return is %. (Round to two decimal places.) Data table (Click on the following icon in order to copy its contents into a spreadsheet.) Realized Return for the S&P 500, Microsoft, and Treasury Bills, 2005-2017 S&P 500 Realized Return Microsoft Realized Return Dividends Paid* Year End 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 S&P 500 Index 1211.92 1248.29 3.00% 4.80% 1418.30 1468.36 903.25 4.70% 1.50% 0.10% 0.10% 1115.10 1257.64 1257.61 0.00% 1426.19 0.10% 1848.36 0.00% 0.00% 2058.90 2043.94 0.00% 0.20% 2238.83 2673.61 0.80% *Total dividends paid by the 500 stocks in the portfolio, based on the number of shares of each stock in the index, adjusted until the end of the year, assuming they were…
- Returns for the Cabell's Company over the last 3 years are shown below. What's the standard deviation of Cabell's returns? (Hint: this is a historical data problem, not a probability distribution.) Return 25% Year 2019 2018 -10 2017 30 23.87% 22.97% 21.79% 25.18%You’ve observed the following returns on Crash-n-Burn Computer’s stock over the past five years: 16 percent, –5 percent, 19 percent, 13 percent, and 10 percent. a. What was the arithmetic average return on the company’s stock over this five-year period? b-1. What was the variance of the company’s returns over this period? b-2. What was the standard deviation of the company’s returns over this period?1. The annual net income of MAC Industries since 2005 is given below. Years t (since 2005) Net Income 1 4 6 12 15 $1,500 $2,500 $2,875 $2,850 $2,250 a. Create a scatter plot that includes your curve of best fit on top of the data. You should try several functions and make your choice based on best r-squared value. b. Find the year that Net Income was at its highest point. c. What was the income in that year?
- Consider the following annual returns of Molson Coors and International Paper: Molson International Раper 6.4% Coors Year 1 25.8% Year 2 -10.3 -19.4 Year 3 46.0 -0.4 Year 4 -10.7 28.5 Year 5 18.1 -13.0 Compute each stock's average return, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation. (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.) International Раper Molson Coors Average return % Standard deviation % % Coefficient of variation Which stock appears better? O International Paper O Molson CoorsYou’ve observed the following returns on Pine Computer’s stock over the past five years: −26.4 percent, 14.6 percent, 32.2 percent, 2.8 percent, and 21.8 percent. What was the arithmetic average return on the stock over this five-year period? Note: Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16. What was the variance of the returns over this period? Note: Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 6 decimal places, e.g., .161616. What was the standard deviation of the returns over this period? Note: Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.The past five monthly returns for PG&E are −3.55 percent, 4.83 percent, 4.15 percent, 7.04 percent, and 3.96 percent. Compute the standard deviation of PG&E’s monthly returns. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answer to 2 decimal places.) Standard Deviation: _____.__%
- (Related to Checkpoint 7.2) (Calculating the geometric and arithmetic average rate of return) Marsh Inc. had the following end-of-year stock prices over the last five years and paid no cash dividends Time 2 Marsh $10 10 20 4 5 10 (Click on the icon in order to copy its contents into a spreadsheet) 7 a Calculate the annual rate of return for each year from the above information. b. What is the arithmetic average rate of retum earned by investing in Marsh's stock over this period? C. What is the geometric average rate of return earned by investing in Marsh's stock over this period? d. Considering the beginning and ending stock prices for the five-year period are the same, which type of average rate of return (the arithmetic or geometric) better describes the average annual rate of return earned over the period? a. The annual rate of return at the end of year 2 is%. (Round to two decimal places.) GILECompute the mean return, variance, and standard deviation of returns, and the coefficient variation of Stock y based on the returns of the 5-year period below: Stock Q Year Stock Z Year 2016 2.60% 2016 0.60% 2017 -1.50% 2017 2.50% 2018 4.20% 2018 -1.20% 2019 3.60% 2019 3.60% 2020 0.50% 2020 0.90% 1. Based on your computation, which stock are you going to choose if you have the money to invest? 2. Why did choose it?Woodpecker, Inc., stock has an annual return mean and standard deviation of 12.6 percent and 44 percent, respectively. What is the smallest expected loss in the coming month with a probability of 16.0 percent? (A negative value should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round the z-score value to 3 decimal places when calculating your answer. Enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.) Smallest expected loss %