Change An exothermic chemical reaction between a solid and a liquid results in gaseous products. A solid substance dissolves in water, releasing heat as it does so. During an exothermic chemical reaction, four moles of gaseous reactants are turned into two moles of gaseous products. Is this change spontaneous? Yes. O No. O Can't decide with information given. O Yes. O No. O Can't decide with information given. O Yes. O No. O Can't decide with information given.

Change An exothermic chemical reaction between a solid and a liquid results in gaseous products. A solid substance dissolves in water, releasing heat as it does so. During an exothermic chemical reaction, four moles of gaseous reactants are turned into two moles of gaseous products. Is this change spontaneous? Yes. O No. O Can't decide with information given. O Yes. O No. O Can't decide with information given. O Yes. O No. O Can't decide with information given.

Chemistry for Engineering Students

4th Edition

ISBN:9781337398909

Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Publisher:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Chapter9: Energy And Chemistry

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9.101PAE

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Athletic trainers use instant ice packs that can be cooled quickly on demand. Squeezing the pact breaks an inner container, allowing two components to mix and react. This reaction makes the pack become cold. Describe the heat flow for this spontaneous process.
9.20 State the first law of thermodynamics briefly in your own words.
You have a large balloon containing 1.0 mol of gaseous water vapor at 80 C. How will each step affect the internal energy of the system? (a) The temperature of the system is raised to 90 C. (b) The vapor is condensed to a liquid, at 40 C.
Coal is used as a fuel in some electric-generating plants. Coal is a complex material, but for simplicity we may consider it to be a form of carbon. The energy that can be derived from a fuel is sometimes compared with the enthalpy of the combustion reaction: C(s)+O2(g)CO2(g) Calculate the standard enthalpy change for this reaction at 25C. Actually, only a fraction of the heat from this reaction is available to produce electric energy. In electric generating plants, this reaction is used to generate heat for a steam engine, which turns the generator. Basically the steam engine is a type of heat engine in which steam enters the engine at high temperature (Th), work is done, and the steam then exits at a lower temperature (Tl). The maximum fraction, f, of heat available to produce useful energy depends on the difference between these temperatures (expressed in kelvins), f = (Th Tl)/Th. What is the maximum heat energy available for useful work from the combustion of 1.00 mol of C(s) to CO2(g)? (Assume the value of H calculated at 25C for the heat obtained in the generator.) It is possible to consider more efficient ways to obtain useful energy from a fuel. For example, methane can be burned in a fuel cell to generate electricity directly. The maximum useful energy obtained in these cases is the maximum work, which equals the free-energy change. Calculate the standard free-energy change for the combustion of 1.00 mol of C(s) to CO2(g). Compare this value with the maximum obtained with the heat engine described here.
For the reaction NO(g)+NO2(g)N2O3(g) , use tabulated thermodynamic data to calculate H and S. Then use those values to answer the following questions. (a) Is this reaction spontaneous at 25°C? Explain your answer. (b) If the reaction is not spontaneous at 25°C, will it become spontaneous at higher temperatures or lower temperatures? (c) To show that your prediction is accurate, choose a temperature that corresponds to your prediction in part (b) and calculate G . (Assume that both enthalpy and entropy are independent of temperature.)
Write the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of methane, CH4(g), to give carbon dioxide and water vapor. Explain why it is difficult to predict whether S is positive or negative for this chemical reaction.
The second law of thermodynamics is sometimes paraphrased as: you can't break even. Explain. Because energy cannot be created out of nothing. Because some energy is lost in all energy transactions. Because some energy is gained in all energy transactons.
Explain in your own words what is meant by the term entropy. Explain how both matter spread and energy spread are related to the concept of entropy.

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