Chemistry of Mars NASA's 1997 mission to Mars included a small robot, the Sojourner, that analyzed the composition of Martian rocks. Magnesium oxide from a boulder dubbed "Barnacle Bill" was analyzed and found to have the following isotopic composition: Mass (u) Natural Abundance (%) 39.9872 78.70 40.9886 10.13 41.9846 11.17 If essentially all of the oxygen in the Martian MgO sample is oxygen-16 (which has a mass of 15.9948 u), is the average atomic mass of magnesium on Mars the same as on Earth (24.31 u)?

Q: Purple spheres represent iodine atoms, white spheres represent hydrogen atoms, and all of the…

A: Given:  Purple atom = Iodine (I) White atom = Hydrogen (H)

Q: Consider two compounds. Compound A contains 15.7 g of sulfur and 18.6 of fluorine. Compound B…

A: Mass of fluorine in compound A = 18.6 g Mass of sulfur in compound A = 15.7 g Mass ratio of fluorine…

Q: We experimented on various elements: Mossy Zinc, Aluminum Turnings, Copper Turnings, Activated…

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Q: Change 1 Change 2 Change 3 Change 1 is: Change 2 is: Change 3 is: impossible impossible impossible a…

A: Applying definition of physical and chemical changes. A change which provides new matter is chemical…

Q: Silicon, which makes up about 25% of Earth's crust by mass, is used widely in the modern electronics…

A: Average atomic mass- Naturally occurring element exists as mixture isotopes. Isotopes are with…

Q: GLIO 3) The ratio of isotopic abundance of elements can vary throughout the solar system (Table 1).…

A: Atomic mass of any substance is given by the abundance average mass of its available isotopes.

Q: 2. Which of the following statements is accurate? Explain. "The mass of the student is 56 kg." The…

A: Interpretation -  We have to explain that which statement is correct - "The mass of the student is…

Q: In the table below, there are descriptions of an experiment on samples of three different chemical…

A: Given that : We have to identify whether the elements are metal or non-metal form the given…

Q: Bronze is an alloy with the following composition: Component Copper Nickel Zinc mass percentage 52.0…

A: Given  Mass percentage of Cu = 52%  Total mass of sample     = 2 gram  mass of copper              =…

Q: Two samples of sodium chloride with different masses were decomposed into their constituent…

A: The law of constant composition or law of definite proportions or law of definite composition states…

Q: Describe why "new" elements (man-made elements) are created, or why do we benefit in creating them?…

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Q: Samples of compound X, Y, and Z are analyzed, with results shown below. Compound X Description…

A: Law of multiple proportions: It states that when two elements combine with each other to form more…

Q: Naturally occurring copper exists in two isotopic forms: 63Cu and 65Cu. The atomic mass of copper is…

A: When there is more then one isotope then the molecular weight becomes fractional due to average…

Q: 8. A 2.00 g sample of FeF2 x H2O is dried in an oven. When the anhydrous salt is removed from the…

A: Given: mass of FeF2.xH2O=2.00 gmass of FeF2(anhydrous)=0.789 gmolar mass of H2O=18 g/molmolar mass…

Q: 14. Which of the following has 58 neutrons, 45 protons, and 45 electrons? Mo (A: 103; Z: 45) Tu (A:…

A: The number of electrons in an atom is always equal to its atomic number . According to quantum…

Q: There are four sketches below. The first sketch shows a sample of Substance X. The three sketches…

A: Answer:- This question is answered by using the simple concept of physical change and the chemical…

Q: An alloy contains 10.8 % titanium by mass and has a density of 13.98 g/cm3. Titanium-49 has an…

A: Number of atoms = 8,926,980,280,926,177,000,000 atoms. Avogadro’s constant = 6.023 × 1023 atoms.…

Q: What does 1/5 have to do with this equation?     You take three compounds, each consisting of two…

A: Since we only answer up to 3 sub-parts, we’ll answer the first 3. Please resubmit the question and…

Q: Sample of Substance X Change 1 Change 2 Change 3 Change 1 is: Change 2 is: Change 3 is: O impossible…

A: Physical changes are those changes in which only Physical state of matter change, while their…

Q: In a test of the Law of Multiple proportions, two different compounds composed of elements A and B…

A: For compound X B/A = 2.33/1.00 = 2.33   For compound Y B/A = 5.83/1.00 = 5.83   Divide these two…

Q: Which of the following could describe an element?   I II III All of them None of them

A: Matter: Matter can be defined as any component which occupies space and has mass.

Q: A new compound has the empirical formula GaCl2. Thissurprises some chemists who, based on the…

A: The empirical formula of new compound is s GaCl2 . Since gallium is belongs to group 13, it exhibit…

Q: Determine the empirical formula for a compound that contains 34.1 % nitrogen by mass and 65.9 %…

A: The question is based on the concept of elemental analysis. we have to calculate empirical formula…

Q: You are exploring the universe in your spaceship, and you land on a planet that is very similar to…

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Q: The human body contains many elements from the periodic table. It is mostly composed of oxygen and…

A: Mass Of hydrogen = 7.07.0 kg Mass of phosphorus = 0.780.78

Q: Two samples of sodium chloride with different masses were decomposed into their constituent…

A: Law of definite proportion :  The law states that a compound has its elements in a fixed ratio…

Q: Devise a system of chemical symbols that is easy to use by answering the questions below. Look up…

A: For writing chemical symbols one or two letters are used and first one is written in capital letter…

Q: There are protons, neutrons, and electrons in 147₁ Hs+5

A: Atom is composed of three subatomic particles, which are electrons, protons and neutrons.  Protons :…

Q: What is the edge length (in cm) of a titanium cube that contains 2.55 * 10(24) titanium atoms? The…

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Q: The smallest unit of charge is -1.6 x 10-19 C, which is the charge in coulombs of a single electron.…

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Q: Identify the elements in each chemical formula, and give the number of atoms of each element. a.…

A: a. NaCN (sodium cyanide) Elements : Na , C and N. Number of C atoms = 1 Number of Na atoms = 1…

Q: 4. Fluorine is the most abundant nonmetal in the universe. 5. Iodine can be easily obtained from…

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Q: There are four sketches below. The first sketch shows a sample of Substance X. The three sketches…

A: Chemical change: The process in which the molecular composition is completely changed, and a new…

Q: In the reaction 1. the Law of Gravity. CACO3 CaO+ CO2 2. the Law of Conservation of Energy. 100…

A: Here, it is given that the mass of calcium carbonate is 100 grams and the products formed will have…

Q: Which of the following elements is not a representative element? O Nickel Cadmium Silicon O Barium

A: I A, IIA, IIIA, IV A, VA, VI A, VII A, VIII A elements are called representative elements. Between…

Q: Sample of Substance X Change 1 Change 2 Change 3 Change 1 is: Change 2 is: Change 3 is: O impossible…

A: Physical change is defined as the one in which the form/state of the particle changes but their…

Q: Which of the following ideas is NOT part of Dalton's Atomic Theory?

A: Atoms are destroyed during a chemical reaction is not part of Dalton atomic theory.

Q: Bromine has two isotopes, Br-79 and Br-81. Their abundances are 49% and 51%, respectively. Chlorine…

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Q: If 2% of the mass of a human body is calcium, how many kilograms of calcium are there in a 150-pound…

A: • The values provided in the question are:-  i) Mass of a man     = 150 lb      = 150 × 0.454 kg {∵…

Q: 2 Most of the elements are solids at room temperature. Give three examples of elements that are…

A: Elements: It is a pure substance that consists of atoms having the same number of protons in their…

Q: There are four sketches below. The first sketch shows a sample of Substance X. The three sketches…

A:

Q: Mass of crucible and cover   12.73g 2. Mass of crucible, cover, and sample   24.11g 3. Mass of…

A: Total mass lost by sample during heating = Mass of crucible, cover, and sample - Mass of crucible,…

Q: In the periodic table, calcium, element 20, is surrounded by elements 12 magnesium , 19 potassium,…

A: The most resemple element of calcium atom is magnesium and Strontium.

Q: 7. A 25.75 g sample of a nitrogen oxide was found to contain 6.68 g nitrogen and the rest oxygen.…

A: Problem 7 % Weight of an element in a compound = 100 x Weight of element/Weight of compound Weight…

Q: Which of the following statements is not true about the element potassium? Group of answer choices…

A: “Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If youwant any…

Q: Which statements are true? A. There are 11 elements represented in the periodic table by letters…

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Q: Ethyl mercaptan is an odorous substance added to natural gas to make leaks easily detectable. A…

A: Given : Total mass of ethyl mercaptan sample = 3.17 g And mass of sulfur in ethyl mercaptan sample =…

Q: 2. The creation of carbon monoxide is an effect. What is one cause? A. the regrouping of the atoms…

A: 2. Operating a stove. 3.  A harmless compound can become harmful when its elements are separated. 4.…

Q: Two samples of sodium chloride with different masses were decomposed into their constituent…

A: Given: Mass of sodium in sample 1 = 2.91 g. And mass of chlorine in sample 1 = 4.48 g.

States of Matter

The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates). 

Chemical Reactions and Equations

When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.