17 Choose the best answer for each blank.The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex is regulated by the activity ofpyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) and pyruvate dehydrogenasephosphatase (PDP). Phosphorylation of PDH by (1) ______ leads to (2)of PDH, whereas activation of (3)by (4)______ leads toactivation of PDH as a result (5)________. High energy charge activates (6)_which (7)____________ PDH.1) PDK, 2) inactivation, 3) PDP, 4) Ca2+, 5) phosphorylation, 6) PDK, 7)dephosphorylates1) PDP, 2) inactivation, 3) PDP, 4) Ca2+, 5) dephosphorylation, 6) PDK, 7)phosphorylates1) PDK, 2) inactivation, 3) PDP, 4) Ca²+, 5) dephosphorylation, 6) PDK, 7)phosphorylates1) PDK, 2) activation, 3) PDP, 4) ADP, 5) dephosphorylation, 6) PDK, 7)phosphorylates1) PDP, 2) activation, 3) PDK, 4) ADP, 5) phosphorylation, 6) PDP, 7)methylates

Glucose is oxidized during glycolysis and the end product (pyruvate) is converted to Acetyl CoA via…

Choose the best answer for each blank. The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex is regulated by the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase (PDP). Phosphorylation of PDH by (1) _________ leads to (2) of PDH, whereas activation of (3) by (4)______ leads to activation of PDH as a result (5)__________. High energy charge activates (6)_ which (7)____________ PDH. 1111== 1) PDK, 2) inactivation, 3) PDP, 4) Ca2+, 5) phosphorylation, 6) PDK, 7) dephosphorylates 1) PDP, 2) inactivation, 3) PDP, 4) Ca2+, 5) dephosphorylation, 6) PDK, 7) phosphorylates 1) PDK, 2) inactivation, 3) PDP, 4) Ca2+, 5) dephosphorylation, 6) PDK, 7) phosphorylates 1) PDK, 2) activation, 3) PDP, 4) ADP, 5) dephosphorylation, 6) PDK, 7) phosphorylates O 1) PDP, 2) activation, 3) PDK, 4) ADP, 5) phosphorylation, 6) PDP, 7) methylates

Choose the best answer for each blank. The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex is regulated by the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase (PDP). Phosphorylation of PDH by (1) _ leads to (2) of PDH, whereas activation of (3) by (4) leads to activation of PDH as a result (5)____. High energy charge activates (6)_ which (7)____________ PDH. 1111== 1) PDK, 2) inactivation, 3) PDP, 4) Ca2+, 5) phosphorylation, 6) PDK, 7) dephosphorylates 1) PDP, 2) inactivation, 3) PDP, 4) Ca2+, 5) dephosphorylation, 6) PDK, 7) phosphorylates 1) PDK, 2) inactivation, 3) PDP, 4) Ca2+, 5) dephosphorylation, 6) PDK, 7) phosphorylates 1) PDK, 2) activation, 3) PDP, 4) ADP, 5) dephosphorylation, 6) PDK, 7) phosphorylates O 1) PDP, 2) activation, 3) PDK, 4) ADP, 5) phosphorylation, 6) PDP, 7) methylates

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter19: The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 22P: Study Figure 19.18 and decide which of the following statements is false. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is...

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Complete the following description of the mechanism of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by using words provided. Not all words will be used. Each word will be used only one time. Three enzymes of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex work together to catalyze the production of Acetyl CoA from Pyruvate. First, a 2-carbon unit composed of Carbons # ____ and ____ of Pyruvate are added to the co-enzyme ______ and whereas Carbon # ______ leaves as CO. The C-2 unit together with the co-enzyme is called ______ .The C-2 unit is then transferred to the 2nd co-enzyme ____, which is initially in it ___ state. The enzyme that catalyzes this step is ______.From here, the C-2 unit is transferred to form a _____ linkage with CoA-SH to generate_____
Complete the following description of the mechanism of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by using words provided. Not all words will be used. Each word will be used only one time. 5 Three enzymes of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex work together to catalyze the production of Acetyl CoA from Pyruvate. First, a 2-carbon unit composed of Carbons # Pyruvate are added to the co-enzyme and whereas Carbon # of leaves as CO» The C-2 unit together with the co-enzyme is called transferred to the 2nd co-enzyme 11 12 The C-2 unit is then which is initially in its state. The enzyme that catalyzes this step is From here, the C-2 unit is transferred to form a linkage with CoA-SH to generate Acetyl COA Oxidized Hydroxyethyl TPP Phosphodiester Reduced Hydroxypropiony! TPP Lipoamide E-1 NADH 3 Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase Thioester 2 HydroxyacetyITPp Dihydropipoyl Transacetylase Type the words in the correct order separated by commas. Example: 1, 3, E-1, Thioester, Lipoamide ...
What type of regulation would be expected when anaerobic metabolism is occurring in the muscle? Select all that apply. 1. Activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2. Increased levels of calcium to activate pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 3. Phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase 4. Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex 5. Increased levels of NADH to activate citrate synthase 6. Increased levels of NADH to inhibit alpha-ketogluterate dehydrogenase complex 7. Increased levels of acetyl CoA to activate pyruvate carboxylase for gluconeogenesis
Given the following question on the image identify the following:1. Total number of glucose molecules entering glycolysis2. Total number of pyruvate molecules produces at the end of glycolysis3. Total number of mitochondrial NADH produced after pyruvate is acted upon pyruvate dehydrogenase complex4.Total number of CO2 released right after the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex reactionConsider that the shuttle system is maltase-aspartate shuttle
I'm confused about glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Question: What is the function of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase? Is it because of -> The incorporation of a phosphate from ATP and reduction of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate or ->The incorporation of phosphate from inorganic phosphate and reduction of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. or -> The incorporation of phosphate from inorganic phosphate and oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl‑CoA and CO2.CO2. Multiple copies of pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (E2), and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3) along with five cofactors form the PDH complex. Biochemists have studied the PDH complex for decades, in part due to its interesting use of substrate channeling during catalysis. What is the molecular mechanism of substrate channeling in the PDH complex? A. The swinging lipoyllysyl arm of E2 carries electrons and an acetyl group from E1 to E2. B.The active sites of E1, E2, and E3 undergo conformational changes that move products of one reaction to their next position without solvent exposure. C.Electrons and an acetyl group travel between E1 and E2 through a tunnel in E2. D. Metal ions coordinated with thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) in E1 shield the electrons and acetyl group from scavenging by other enzymes until they reach E3.
The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl‑CoA and CO2.CO2. Multiple copies of pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (E2), and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3) along with five cofactors form the PDH complex. Biochemists have studied the PDH complex for decades, in part due to its interesting use of substrate channeling during catalysis. What is the benefit of substrate channeling? A. Intermediates of a multistep reaction sequence do not dissociate from the enzyme complex. B. Every intermediate or product made by the PDH complex enters the citric acid cycle as a substrate. C. The PDH complex sequesters excess substrate to use at later time. D. Reaction progress is not limited by the diffusion constant. E.The PDH active site forms in the hydrophobic core of the complex instead of a surface‑exposed region.
Which of the following catalyzes a step that does NOT produce CO2? Group of answer choices alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex malate dehydrogenase pyruvate dehydrogenase complex isocitrate dehydrogenase Citrate synthase is regulated by... Group of answer choices Concentrations of substrate and products Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphate Covalent modification Allosteric regulation by the levels of NADDH
Glycogen that is broken down in the muscle is not released as glucose into the circulation because the muscle lacks... Group of answer choices glucose-6-phosphatase phosphoryalse glycogen synthase hexokinase
In animal tissues, the ratio of active, unphosphorylated to inactive, phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex regulates the rate of pyruvate conversion to acetyl‑CoA. Choose an answer in the brackets to finish the sentences. Treatment of a preparation of rabbit muscle mitochondria containing the PDH complex with pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, ATP, and NADH causes the rate of this reaction to [decrease, increase, stay the same] Treatment of a preparation of rabbit muscle mitochondria containing the PDH complex with pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase and Ca2+Ca2+ causes the rate of this reaction to [decrease, increase, stay the same] Treatment of a preparation of rabbit muscle mitochondria containing the PDH complex with malonate causes the rate of this reaction to [decrease, increase, stay the same]
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK-4) is a widely expressed isoform of PDK and is responsible for inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex activity via phosphorylation. When PDK-4 is active, the PDH complex is in its phosphorylated state and pyruvate cannot be converted into acetyl-CoA for entry into the citric acid cycle. Instead, in gluconeogenic tissues like liver and kidney, pyruvate is channeled to support gluconeogenesis. Conversely, when PDK-4 is inactive, the PDH complex readily converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA. A researcher wants to determine the role of PDK-4 on blood glucose homeostasis. To accomplish this, she proposes to generate a PDK-4 knockout mouse using CRISPR technology. To create the knockout mouse, she must first generate PDK-4 knockout embryos to implant into pseudopregnant female mice. Arrange the steps to outline the process by which she will generate the PDK-4 knockout embryos. First step Last step Answer Bank Generate Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA specific to…
Of the allosteric enzymes listed below, which are suppressed by NADH? Select all that apply. the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex U isocitrate dehydrogenase pyruvate kinase Ophosphofructokinase hexokinase Oglucokinase