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Classify the following as either a fermion or a boson: (a) an electron. (b) a proton. (c) a neutron. and (d) a photon.
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- (a) Identify the number of electrons in the ground-state outer shell of atomic oxygen (atomic number 8).(b) How many electrons are in the ground-state outer shell of fluorine?(d) the ion with 74 electrons, 116 neutrons, and a +3 chargePredict and test the behavior of α particles fired at a “plum pudding” model atom.(a) Predict the paths taken by α particles that are fired at atoms with a Thomson’s plum pudding model structure.Explain why you expect the α particles to take these paths.(b) If α particles of higher energy than those in (a) are fired at plum pudding atoms, predict how their paths will differ from the lower-energy α particle paths. Explain your reasoning.(c) Now test your predictions from (a) and (b). Open the Rutherford Scattering simulation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16PhetScatter) and select the “Plum Pudding Atom” tab. Set “Alpha ParticlesEnergy” to “min,” and select “show traces.” Click on the gun to start firing α particles. Does this match your prediction from (a)? If not, explain why the actual path would be that shown in the simulation. Hit the pause button,or “Reset All.” Set “Alpha Particles Energy” to “max,” and start firing α particles. Does this match your prediction from (b)? If not,…
- Identify each of the following elements as a metal, non-metal, or metalloid: (a) gallium, (b) molybdenum, (c) tellurium, (d) arsenic, (e) xenon, (f) ruthenium.Determine the number of protons, neutrons, andelectrons in 3216S2-. (a) 16 protons; 32 neutrons; and 18 electrons(b) 16 protons; 16 neutrons; and 18 electrons(c) 32 protons; 16 neutrons; and 2 electrons(d) 16 protons; 48 neutrons; and 16 electrons(B) 0.832 mL (C) 1.20 mL (D) 8.59 mL 2. Consider the Bohr Model of Phosphorus below. Which statement is FALSE? (A) The electrostatic potential energy of ALL electrons is negative. (B) The electrons with the least potential energy are closest to the nucleus. (C) Energy is released when the electron is ejected from the atom. (D) When an electron is infinitely far from the nucleus, the electrostatic potential energy is 0.
- Identify each of the following elements as a metal, nonmetal,or metalloid: (a) gallium, (b) molybdenum, (c) tellurium,(d) arsenic, (e) xenon, (f) ruthenium.2. (a) What do you understand by the statement: "the energy of the electrons in an atom is quantized"? (b) Why did Rutherford select alpha particles in his gold foil experiment? Briefly explain your answer in own words.For each of the following processes, does the potential energyof the object(s) increase or decrease? (a) The distancebetween two oppositely charged particles is increased.(b) Water is pumped from ground level to the reservoir of awater tower 30 m above the ground. (c) The bond in a chlorinemolecule, Cl2, is broken to form two chlorine atoms.
- Look up the following information for the element iridium: (i) number of protons, neutrons, and electrons; (ii) atomic number and average atomic mass; (iii) the charge of the anion(s) or cation(s) that it commonly forms; (iv) the mass of its two most common isotopes and the number of protons and neutrons in each one. Also, comment briefly on the presence of this element in meteorite craters and the significance of this observation.Helium is the lightest noble gas and the second most abundant element (after hydrogen) in the universe. (a) The radius of a helium atom is 3.1x10-11 m; the radius of its nucleus is 2.5x10-15 m. What fraction of the spherical atomic volume is occupied by the nucleus (V of a sphere 5 4/ 3πr3)? (b) The mass of a helium-4 atom is 6.64648x10-24 g, and each of its two electrons has a mass of 9.10939x10-28 g. What fraction of this atom’s mass is contributed by its nucleus?(a) Calculate the number of electrons in a small, electrically neutral silver pin that has a mass of 9.0 g. Silver has 47 electrons per atom, and its molar mass is 107.87 g/mol. (b) Imagine adding electrons to the pin until the negative charge has the very large value 1.00 mC. How many electrons are added for every 10 electrons already present?