Consider a pilot scale sand filter with the following characteristics.Diameter of cylindrical filter: 80 cmDepth of sand bed: 40 cmDiameter of sand grains: 0.5 mmPorosity in filter bed: 0.45The filter is used to treat 40 L/min of 25°C water containing 106particles/mL. The particles have a uniform diameter of 3 µm, adensity of 1.5 g/cm³ and have been effectively destabilized (a=1) bya preceding coagulation step. Determine the expected concentrationof the particles in the filter effluent during the steady state portion ofthe filter run.

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Answered: Consider a pilot scale sand filter with…

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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In a rapid sand filter, the time for reaching particle break through (T,) is defined as the time elapsed from start of filter run to the time at which the turbidity of the effluent from the filter is greater than 2.5 NTU. The time for reaching terminal head loss (T,) is defined as the time elapsed from the start of the filter run to the time when head loss across the filter is greater than 3 m. The effect of increasing the filter depth (while keeping all other conditions same) on T and T is (A) T increases and T decreases. (B) Both T and T increase. (C) T decreases and T, increases. (D) Both T and T , decrease.
1. Determine the effective size (d10, in mm) and the uniformity coefficient (UC) for the sand filter media characterized by the sieve analysis results presented in the following table. Include a plot of % Weight passing versus media size in your analysis. Determine alum concentration in mg/L. Sieve Number (mm size opening) 14 (1.41) 16 (1.19) 18 (1.00) 20 (0.84) 25 (0.71) 30 (0.59) 35 (0.50) 40 (0.42) 45 (0.35) 50 (0.297) % Weight Passing 100 100 94 83 57 30 1
1. Determine the effective size (d10, in mm) and the uniformity coefficient (UC) for the sand filter media characterized by the sieve analysis results presented in the following table. Sieve opening size (mm) 1.41 1.19 1.00 0.84 0.71 0.59 0.50 0.42 0.35 0.30 % Weight Passing 100 100 94 83 63 35 18 11 8 0
Example 3: A non-uniform stratified sand filter described in Table below is to be backwashed at the velocity of 2.5×10-2 m/s. Determine the depth of the expanded bed for the sand filter using the following assumptions: The bed depth = 0.65 m Sieve Porosity = 0.45 No. Particle diameter, mm f, Mass fraction Drag coefficient = 0.4 - 1.5 0.02 Shape factor 0.85. 14 1.2 0.10 Density of water = 1000 kg/m³ Viscosity 1 x 10-3 N.sec/m² 20 0.8 0.18 SG of the filter particles = 2.6. 25 0.7 0.35 30 0.6 0.17 35 0.5 0.14 40 0.4 0.04
A rapid sand filter is designed to treat (18000 m³/day) of rate of (1.8 l/m².sec). The filter contains (0.6m) of sand with particle diameter of (0.5mm) and the porosity of the sand bed is (0.4) at temperature of 15 °C, Determine: 1)The initial head loss and pressure. 2) The size and number of units required of sand filter.
filtration system in a water treatment plant consists of four (4) filter boxes of the size = 45m^2 design flow= 40000 m^3/d. The filter bed is uniform with particles of size 0.50 mm, with specific gravity of 2.6, a porosity of 0.4. and a bed thickness of 0.75 m. Normally, the Reynolds number for flow through a rapid sand filter media is less than 5. ii. Check that the conditions satisfy the low Reynolds number condition. iii. Determine the expected head if clean water is passed through the filter at the design flow.
The bed thickness of a speed sand filter is 1.3 m. A sand with a specific diameter of 0.8 mm and a specific gravity of 2600 kg / m3 will be used as filter material. The shape factor of the sand is 0.9 and the porosity of the clean bed is 0.45. The water layer thickness on the bed is 1.1 m. Average filtration speed is 130 m / day and maximum filtration speed is 180 m / day. The maximum flow rate is 24087 m3 / day and the kinematic viscosity of water is 1.01x10-6 m2 / sec. The maximum head loss in the filter is required to be 1.9 m and negative pressure is not allowed. a) Find the initial head loss of the filter bed. b) Find the required number of filters and the area of each filter in case 3 filters are in reserve. c) Calculate how many meters depth the pollution penetrates at the end of filtration.
A dual media filter contains 0.4 m of sand with effective size 0.55 mm and 1.4 m of anthracite with effective size 1.2 mm. The sand and anthracite have density of 2650 kg/m³ and 1700 kg/m³, respectively. Determine if the media in the filter are properly matched. O Yes, the media are properly matched. O No, the media are not properly matched. O Cannot be determined using the given information.
12.38 A tracer analysis was performed on a pilot trickling filter packed with a 10-ft depth of 12.30 plastic media. The time to the appearance of the peak of the tracer concentration was recorded as a function of the hydraulic loading rate. The following data were collected: 0.9 1.2 Hydraulic loading rate (Q) gpm/ft² 0.2 0.6 0.9 Time to peak of tracer conc., min 28 21 15 14 Find the coefficients C and n in the model shown in equation 12.46. dotermine the reaction-rate coefficient for cross-flow
How do you determine the minimum fluidisation velocity for a mono-media sand filter (down flow in wastewater treatment) when the sand media size is 3 mm, the specific gravity of the sand media is 3000 kg/m3, and the media porosity is 0.5?
For a sand filtration device, the flow rate of the influent is 30 m3/day with the sand filter area of 10 m2. Which of the following is wrong? A. This is a high-rate sand filter B. This is a slow sand filter C. The sand filter has a loading rate of 3 m3/(d·m2) D. Sand filter requires backwash or replacement at certain frequencies.
A primary clarifier is to be designed to treat a municipal wastewater. The influent to the clarifier has a flow rate of 7570 m³/d and a total suspended solids concentration of 320 mg/L. A laboratory settling test was performed with the following results: Suspended Solids Concentration (mg/L) at Given Depths Sampling Depth (m) Time (min) 0.61 1.22 246 2.44 272 243 1.83 3.05 10 230 262 282 20 157 195 230 253 30 115 160 211 221 230 45 90 134 163 179 195 60 48 102 131 154 170 90 29 58 86 115 141 (a) Determine the design overflow rate and detention time assuming 65% of the suspended solids are to be removed. Use typical scaling/safety factors as appropriate. (b) Determine the required diameter (to the nearest 0.1 m) and the required depth (to the nearest 0.01 m) for the clarifier.

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