Consider a positively curved universe containing only matter (the "Big Crunch" model discussed in Section 5.4.1). At some time to > tcrunch/2, during the contraction phase of this universe, an astronomer named Elb- buh Niwde discovers that nearby galaxies have blueshifts (-1 z< 0) proportional to their distance. He then measures Ho and 2o. finding Ho < 0 and 2o > 1. Given Ho and 20, how long a time will elapse between Dr. Niwde's observations at t = to and the final Big Crunch at t = fcrunch? What is the highest amplitude blueshift that Dr. Niwde is able to observe? What is the lookback time to an object with this blueshift?

Consider a positively curved universe containing only matter (the "Big Crunch" model discussed in Section 5.4.1). At some time to > tcrunch/2, during the contraction phase of this universe, an astronomer named Elb- buh Niwde discovers that nearby galaxies have blueshifts (-1 z< 0) proportional to their distance. He then measures Ho and 2o. finding Ho < 0 and 2o > 1. Given Ho and 20, how long a time will elapse between Dr. Niwde's observations at t = to and the final Big Crunch at t = fcrunch? What is the highest amplitude blueshift that Dr. Niwde is able to observe? What is the lookback time to an object with this blueshift?