Consider the following two parents that are real chromosome encoded. Then, draw and calculate the result of performing a complete arithmetic recombination with the subtraction operation and a = 0.6, as well as complement mutation on the following parents, to produce the first child, with details? P1 .3 .6 .1 .5 .8 .7 9 .4 .4 .2 P2 .9 .5 .8 .1 .2 .3 .3 .7 .4 .6
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- A woman who sought genetic counseling is found to be heterozygousfor a chromosomal rearrangement between the second andthird chromosomes. Her chromosomes, compared to those in anormal karyotype, are diagrammed on the next page:(a) What kind of chromosomal aberration is shown?A woman who sought genetic counseling is found to be heterozygousfor a chromosomal rearrangement between the second andthird chromosomes. Her chromosomes, compared to those in anormal karyotype, are diagrammed on the next page:(a) What kind of chromosomal aberration is shown? (b) Using a drawing, demonstrate how these chromosomeswould pair during meiosis. Be sure to label the differentsegments of the chromosomes.(c) This woman is phenotypically normal. Does thissurprise you? Why or why not? Under what circumstancesmight you expect a phenotypic effect of such arearrangement? The woman in above problem has had two miscarriages. Shehas come to you, an established genetic counselor, with thesequestions:(a) If not, what is the chance that she could have a normalchild? Provide an informed response to her concernsA normal female is discovered with 45 chromosomes, one ofwhich exhibits a Robertsonian translocation containing most ofchromosomes 18 and 21. Discuss the possible outcomes in heroffspring when her husband contains a normal karyotype.
- A woman who sought genetic counseling is found to be heterozygousfor a chromosomal rearrangement between the second andthird chromosomes. Her chromosomes, compared to those in anormal karyotype, are diagrammed on the next page:(a) What kind of chromosomal aberration is shown? (b) Using a drawing, demonstrate how these chromosomeswould pair during meiosis. Be sure to label the differentsegments of the chromosomes.(c) This woman is phenotypically normal. Does thissurprise you? Why or why not? Under what circumstancesmight you expect a phenotypic effect of such arearrangement? The woman in above problem has had two miscarriages. Shehas come to you, an established genetic counselor, with thesequestions:(a) Is there a genetic explanation of her frequent miscarriages?For each of the following types of chromosomalaberrations, tell: (i) whether the chromosomes of anorganism heterozygous for the aberration will formany type of loop during prophase I of meiosis;(ii) whether a chromosomal bridge can be formedduring anaphase I in a heterozygote, and if so, underwhat conditions; (iii) whether an acentric fragmentcan be formed during anaphase I in a heterozygote,and if so, under what conditions; (iv) whether theaberration can suppress meiotic recombination; and(v) whether the two chromosomal breaks responsible for the aberration occur on the same side or on opposite sides of a single centromere, or if the two breaksoccur on different chromosomes.a. Reciprocal translocationb. Paracentric inversionc. Small tandem duplicationd. Robertsonian translocatione. Pericentric inversionf. Large deletionA couple planning their family are aware that through the past threegenerations on the husband's side a substantial number of stillbirthshave occurred and several malformed babies were born who diedearly in childhood. The wife has studies genetics and urges herhusband to visit a genetic counseling clinic, where a completekaryotype-banding analysis is performed. Although the tests showthat he has a normal complement of 46 chromosomes, bandinganalysis reveals that one member of the chromosome 1 pair (ingroup A) contains an inversion covering 70 percent of its length.The homolog of chromosome 1 and all other chromosomes showthe normal banding sequence.(a) How would you explain the high incidence of past stillbirths?predictabouttheprobabilityof(b) What can you abnormality/normality of their future children?(c) Would you advise the woman that she will have to bring each pregnancy to term to determine whether the fetus is normal? Ifnot, what else can you suggest?
- A woman who sought genetic counseling is found to be heterozygousfor a chromosomal rearrangement between the second andthird chromosomes. Her chromosomes, compared to those in anormal karyotype, are diagrammed on the next page:(a) This woman is phenotypically normal. Does thissurprise you? Why or why not? Under what circumstancesmight you expect a phenotypic effect of such arearrangement?The karyotype of a young girl who is affected with familialDown syndrome revealed a total of 46 chromosomes. Her olderbrother, however, who is phenotypically unaffected, actually had45 chromosomes. Explain how this could happen. What wouldyou expect to be the numbers of chromosomes in the parents ofthese two children?In Neurospora, his2 mutants require the amino acidhistidine for growth, and lys4 mutants require theamino acid lysine. The two genes are on the samearm of the same chromosome, in the ordercentromere - his2 - lys4.A his2 mutant is mated with a lys4 mutant. Draw all ofthe possible ordered asci that could result from meioses in which the following events occurred, accountingfor the nutritional requirements for each ascospore.Ascospores without any copy of a chromosome willabort and die, turning white in the process.a. A single crossover between the centromere and his2b. A single crossover between his2 and lys4c. Nondisjunction during the first meiotic divisiond. Nondisjunction during the second meiotic divisione. A single crossover between the centromere andhis2, followed by nondisjunction during the firstmeiotic divisionf. A single crossover between his2 and lys4,followed by nondisjunction during the firstmeiotic division
- For each of the terms in the left column, choose thebest matching phrase in the right column.a. reciprocal translocation 1. lacking one or morechromosomes or having oneor more extra chromosomesb. gynandromorph 2. movement of short DNAelementsc. pericentric 3. having more than two completesets of chromosomesd. paracentric 4. exact exchange of parts of twononhomologous chromosomese. euploids 5. excluding the centromeref. polyploidy 6. including the centromereg. transposition 7. having complete sets ofchromosomesh. aneuploids 8. mosaic combination of maleand female tissueA man who is a carrier of a translocated 15/21 chromosome marries a genotypically normal woman. (1). Show the possible gametes that will be formed by this man if the translocated 15/21 chromosome synapses with chromosome 21 at Prophase I. (2). What is the probability that the first child of the couple will be a phenotypically normal girl? (3). What is the probability that the first child of the couple will be a genetically normal boy?What are chromosomal islands? Why are theyconsidered to be of foreign origin?