Considering both habitat conditions and requirements for successful symbiosis, why should you be surprised that squid and the rumen of a cow have the exact same microbial symbiots?
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Considering both habitat conditions and requirements for successful symbiosis, why should you be surprised that squid and the rumen of a cow have the exact same microbial symbiots?
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- Why would you be surprised to find the exact same microbial symbionts inhabiting squid and the rumen of a cow? Consider both the physical and chemical conditions of the habitat and the requirements for the symbiosis to be successful.In terms of geographical distribution, are parasitic flagellates (e.g., Trypanosoma spp., Leishmania tropica, Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas) cosmopolitan or localized? Explain Discuss the relationship between vector distribution of some parasites and their vectors, if any? Do they exhibit vector specificity?Describe the symbiosis between the Riftia tubeworm and its bacterial symbiont. What is the role of the Riftia tube worm hemoglobin in the success of its relationship with the symbiotic bacteria?
- Plasmodium is the most deadly parasite globally. There are nearly 250 million new cases of malaria diagnosed each year. Discuss at least two mechanisms that this parasite uses within its host(s) to persist, manipulate, and/or propogate.Compare parasitism and mutualism for the two factors (A and B) below. A) What distinguishes these two strategies from the other strategies for interaction? B) What is the long-term benefit to the micro-symbiont as far as access to a new host? C) What is the cost (e.g. DNA that needs to be maintained)?Match the following examples to the appropriate type of symbiosis. - A microbe that lives inside the large intestine of a human, getting food from its host and protecting the host from disease a) Not a symbiosis b)parasitism c)commensalism d) mutualism -An insect that builds protected nests in trees, but does not help or damage the tree a) Not a symbiosis b)parasitism c)commensalism d) mutualism -A lamprey that attaches to other fish and sucks their blood throughout their life a) Not a symbiosis b)parasitism c)commensalism d) mutualism - A robin that eats worms out of the ground a) Not a symbiosis b)parasitism c)commensalism d) mutualism
- Below are statements about symbiosis. Choose the correct responses. ( Only pick one answer per [ ] ) ["Commensalism", "Mutualism", "Parasitism"] is a term that describes when two organisms both benefit from a relationship. One example of this you will view is lab is ["Viruses Infecting Bacteria", "Yeast Fermenting sugar", "Bacteria such as Rhizobium living in plant structures called root nodules"] . ["Commensalism", "Mutualism", "Parasitism"] is a term that describes when one organism benefits, while the second organism is not harmed, and does not benefit. ["Commensalism", "Mutualism", "Parasitism"] is a term that describes when one organism benefits while the second organism is harmed. In lab you will explore ["Viruses Infecting Bacteria", "Yeast Fermenting sugar", "Bacteria such as Rhizobium living in plant structures called root nodules"] as an example of this relationship.In 2021 there were an estimated 247 million new malaria cases in 85 malaria-endemic countries with at least 619,000 deaths, caused by the protozoan Plasmodium and transmitted by mosquitoes. This is an example of: Vehicle transmission Droplet transmission Vector transmission Aerosol transmission Direct contact transmissionParasites can move between hosts either by horizontal or vertical transmission. Why might those parasites that employ horizontal transmission be more impacted by environmental stochasticity? Host defenses may be impacted by environmental conditions. Pathogenicity may be impacted by environmental conditions. Vectors may be affected by environmental conditions. Vertical transmission requires a vector.
- It is not always easy to categorize a particular case of symbiosis. Suppose a certain species of snail is always found living on a certaincoral. No one has found evidence that the snail harms the coral, sothe relationship is classified as an example of commensalism. Howwould you go about testing this hypothesis? What kinds of observations might lead to the conclusion that the snail is a parasite, or that ithas a mutualistic relationship with the coral?What are the differences between direct and indirect life cycles? Give two (2) representative parasitic helminths species in aquaculture for each life cycle. Why is there a need to study the parasite life cycle?Explain what it means to be an obligate intracellular parasite.Name three groups of obligate intracellular parasites.