Suppose 2.0 cubic meter of oil is spilled into the ocean. You may want to review(Pages 10 - 11).Part AFind the area of the resulting slick, assuming that it is one molecule thick, and that each molecule occupies a cube 0.50 um on a side.Express your answer using two significant figures.A =m2SubmitRequest Answer

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Glencoe Physics: Principles and Problems, Student Edition

1st Edition

ISBN:9780078807213

Author:Paul W. Zitzewitz

Publisher:Paul W. Zitzewitz

Chapter1: A Physics Toolkit

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 32A

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The first atomic bomb was detonated on July 16, 1945, at the Trinity test site about 200 mi south of Los Alamos. In 1947, the U.S. government declassified a film reel of the explosion. From this film reel, British physicist G.I. Taylor was able to determine the rate at which the radius of the fireball from the blast grew. Using dimensional analysis, he was then able to deduce the amount of energy released in the explosion, which was a closely guarded secret at the time. Because of this, Taylor did not publish his results until 1950. This problem challenges you to recreate this famous calculation. (a) Using keen physical insight developed from years of experience, Taylor decided the radius rof the fireball should depend only on time since the explosion, t, the density of the air, , and the energy of the initial explosion, E. Thus, he made the educated guess that r=kEabtcfor some dimensionless constant kand some unknown exponents a,b, and c. Given that [E]=ML2T-2 , determine the values of the exponents necessary to make this equation dimensionally consistent. (Hint: Notice the equation implies that k=rEabtcand that [k]=1 ). (b) By analyzing data from high-energy conventional explosives, Taylor found the formula he derived seemed to be valid as long as the constant khad the value 1.03. From the film reel, he was able to determine many values of rand the corresponding values of t. For example, he found that after 25.0 ms, the fireball had a radius of 130.0 m. Use these values, along with an average air density of 1.25kg/m3 , to calculate the initial energy release of the Trinity detonation in joules (J). (Hint: To get energy in joules, you need to make sure all the numbers you substitute in are expressed in terms of SI base units.) (c) The energy released in large explosions is often cited in units of “tons of TNT” (abbreviated “t TNT”), where 1 t TNT is about 4.2 GJ. Convert yow answer to (b) into kilotons of TNT (that is, kt TNT). Compare your answer with the quick-and-duty estimate of 10 kt TNT made by physicist Enrico Fermi shortly after witnessing the explosion from what was thought to be a safe distance. (Reportedly, Fermi made his estimate by dropping some shredded bits of paper right before the remnants of the shock wave hit him and looked to see how far they were carried by it.)
Estimates and Fermi Calculations Assuming the human body is made primarily of water, estimate the volume of a person.
Check Your Understanding Suppose we want the formula for the volume of a sphere. The two expressions commonly mentioned in elementary discussions of spheres are 4r2 and 4r3/3 . One is the volume of a sphere of radius r and the other is its surface area. Which one is the volume?
Assume it takes 7.00 min to fill a 30.0-gal gasoline tank. (a) Calculate the rate at which the tank is filled in gallons per second. (b) Calculate the rate at which the tank is filled in cubic meters per second. (c) Determine the time interval, in hours, required to fill a 1.00-m3 volume at the same rate. (1 U.S. gal = 231 in.3)
How many cubic centimeters (cm3) are in one cubic meter (m3)?
A commonly used turn of mass in the English system Is the pound-mass, abbreviated Ibm, where 1 Ibm = 0.454 kg. What is the density of water in pound-mass per cubic foot?
A floating-point operation is a single arithmetic operation such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division. (a) Estimate the maximum number of floating- point operations a human being could possibly perform in a lifetime. (b) How long would it take a supercomputer to perform that many floating-point operations?
Units and Standards What is the difference between a base unit and a derived unit? (b) What is the difference between a base quantity and a derived quantity? (c) What is the difference between a base quantity and a base unit?
Check Your Understanding We know horn Figure 1.4 that the diameter of Earth is on the order of 107m , so the order of magnitude of its surface area is 1014m2 . What is that in square kilometers (that is, km2)? (Try doing this both by converting 107m to km and then squaring it and then by converting 1014m2 directly to square kilometers. You should get the same answer both ways.)
Check Your Understanding Figure 1.4 says the mass of the atmosphere is 1019kg . Assuming the density of the atmosphere is 1kg/m3 , estimate the height of Earth’s atmosphere. Do you think your answer is an underestimate or an overestimate? Explain why. How many piano tuners are there in New York City? How many leaves are on that tree? If you are studying photosynthesis or thinking of writing a smartphone app tot piano tuners, then the answers to these questions might be of great interest to you. Otherwise, you probably couldn’t care less what the answers are. However, these are exactly the soils of estimation problems that people in various tech industries have been asking potential employees to evaluate their quantitative reasoning skills. If building physical intuition and evaluating quantitative claims do not seem like sufficient reasons tot you to practice estimation problems, how about the fact that being good at them just might land you a high-paying job? For practice estimating relative lengths, areas, and volumes, check out this PhET (https://openstaxcollege.org/l/21lengthgame) simulation, titled “Estimation.”
A fluid ounce is about 30mL. What is the voIume of a 12 fl-oz can of soda pop in cubic meters?
State how many significant figures are proper In the results of the following calculations: (a) (106.7)(98.2)/(46.210)(1.01) ; (b) (18.7)2 ; (c) (1.601019)(3712)

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cubic meter of oil is spilled into the ocean. You may wanti D.