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Nucleotides
It is an organic molecule made up of three basic components- a nitrogenous base, phosphate,and pentose sugar. The nucleotides are important for metabolic reactions andthe formation of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and viruses. They carry the genetic information for the synthesis of proteins and cellular replication. The nucleic acids are of two types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The structure of all proteins and ultimately every biomolecule and cellular component is a product of information encoded in the sequence of nucleic acids. Parts of a DNA molecule containing the information needed to synthesize a protein or an RNA are genes. Nucleic acids can store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next, fundamental to any life form.
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- 8. Which of the following ion transport functions must be carried out by a pump? a. transport of Na+ from the extracellular space to the cytosol b. transport of glucose from the extracellular space to the cytosol c. transport of K+ from the cytosol to the extracellular space d. transport of Na+ from the cytosol to the nucleus e. transport of Na+ from the cytosol to the extracellular space.Protein kinase C is most likely found in A signal transduction cascades O B. R the cell nucleus c inside the cell membrane OC. mitochondria O D. electron transfer chain O E.13. Which of these statements concerning the symport of glucose into cells is true? Understand a. The sodium-potassium exchange pump moves Na+ into cells. b. The concentration of Nat outside cells is less than inside cells. c. A carrier protein moves Nat into cells and glucose out of cells. d. The concentration of glucose can be greater inside cells than outside cells. e. As Na are actively transported into the cell, glucose is carried along. Cytos A. C C This B.
- Which of the following is a reactive oxygen species that can damage proteins? Select one: a. vitamin C b. superoxide c. arsenic d. oxygen e, heat cle HW due Hov 3rd at 5pm Jump to... ( Next page cancer stem cells1. A cell in an active catabolic steady state state needs to maintain A. a high cytosolic (ATP/ADP) and a high cytosolic (NADH/NAD+) ratio. B. a high cytosolic (ATP/ADP) and a low cytosolic (NADH/NAD+) ratio. C. a low cytosolic (ATP/ADP) and a low cytosolic (NADH/NAD+) ratio. D. a low cytosolic (ATP/ADP) and a high cytosolic (NADH/NAD+) ratio.1. Phosphodiesterase directly functions to a. enzymatically activate the alpha subunit of the G protein b. enzymatically cleave a membrane phospholipid to form IP3 and DAG c. enzymatically inactivate cyclic GMP d. open Ca++ channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum e. none of the above 2. The molecule on the picture marked (*) is a (mark all apply) a. G protein-coupled hormone receptor b. second messenger c. protein kinase enzyme
- ATP hydrolysis is directly coupled to the movement of O a. glucose across the animal-cell plasma membrane O b. sucrose into the plant vacuole O c. Cl- and HCO3- across the erythrocyte membrane O d. Ca2+ to the extracellular medium or sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen.erly in alcohol H&E stained sections demonstrate poor contrast between nucleus and cytoplasm. All are preventative or corrective actions EXCEPT a. monitoring water pH due to agricultural run-off b. dehydrating and clearing tissues completely before infiltrating with paraffin c. properly differentiating in alkaline and alcohol solutions d. Allowing eosin to stand in higher concentrations of alcoholsMalignant tumor cells are characterized by all of the following properties except: A. loss of density-dependent (contact) inhibition B. reliance on aerobic respiration C. reduced dependence on aerobic respiration D. loss of anchorage dependence E. gain of unlimited proliferative potential
- The binding of sodium ions (Na+) to a membrane protein is one of the first steps in initiation of the sodium-potassium pump that moves these ions across the membrane. The picture shows the inital set up in this process. How does the protein get the energy needed to continue the process of moving the (Na+) across the cell membrane? Membrane Protein ONa+ Inside the Cell A. O O Nat oc Outside the Cell Con Mitochondria will attach to the protein and provide the energy to push the Na+ through the protein. Energy from ADP is released and a channel in the membrane protein permanently B. opens, resulting in the passage of the Nat. Energy produced from the difference in solute concentration on both sides of the O c. membrane pulls the Na+ through the protein. Con с ATP attaches to the protein and releases a phosphate, making energy available to OD. change the shape of the protein and allowing the passage of the Nat.A characteristic of carrier molecules in a primary active transport pump is that: a. they cannot transport a substance and also hydrolyze ATP. b. they retain their same shape as they perform different roles. c. their primary role is to move negatively charged ions across membrances. d. they move Na+ into a neural cell and K+ out of the same cell. e. they act to establish an electrochemical gradient.13. Which of these statements concerning the symport of glucose into cells is true? Understand a. The sodium-potassium exchange pump moves Nat into cells. b. The concentration of Nat outside cells is less than inside cells. c. A carrier protein moves Nat into cells and glucose out of cells. d. The concentration of glucose can be greater inside cells than outside cells. e. As Na are actively transported into the cell, glucose is carried along. This