Decode the given bitstream and interpret the message that was sent.
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- p T Note: The notation from this problem is from Understanding Cryptography by Paar and Pelzl. Suppose you have an LFSR with 6 state bits. The first 12 bits of output produced by this LFSR are 100011011000 = s0 $1 $2 S3 S4 S5 S6 87 Sg S9 S10 S11 - The first bit produced is the leftmost bit and the bit most recently produced is the rightmost bit. a) What is the initial state of the LFSR? Please enter your answer as unspaced binary digits (e.g. 010101 to represent S5 = 0, s4 = 1, 83 = 0, s2 = 1, s1 = 0, so = 1). %3D b) What are the tap bits of the LFSR? Please enter your answer as unspaced binary digits (e.g. 010101 to represent P5 = 0, p4 = 1, pP3 = 0, p2 = 1, p1 = 0, po = 1).Narrative: When a message is transmitted in secret code over a transmission channel, it is usually sent as a sequence of bits, that is, 0s and 1s. Due to noise in the transmission channel, the transmitted message may become corrupted. That is, the message received at the destination is not the same as the message transmitted; some of the bits may have been changed. There are several techniques to check the validity of the transmitted message at the destination. One technique is to transmit the same message twice. At the destination, both copies of the message are compared bit by bit. If the corresponding bits are the same, the message received is error-free. Response Required: Write a program to check whether the message received at the destination is error-free. For simplicity, assume that the secret code representing the message is a sequence of digits (0 to 9) and the maximum length of the message is 250 digits. Also, the first number in the message is the length of the message. For…How many 88-bit binary strings are there subject to each of the following restrictions? 1. The string starts with 001001. 2. The string starts with 001001 or 1010. 3. The string has exactly 4 zero’s. 4. The string has exactly 4 zeros’s and the first bit is 1.
- When the result of a signed arithmetic operation is either too big or too tiny to fit into the destination, which flag is set?You have an originating plain text message (in hexadecimal): 41 72 61 62 Use your Student ID number to obtain a 10-bit key as follows: Key (in decimal) = (ID mod 1024) +1.You have to manually cipher the first block of the following plain text message (first 8 bits). The encrypting process will be done using Simplified DES (S-DES). you must explain all steps in details [mandatory: write down all the calculations].A temperature sensor that supports CoAP has an operating range of 0–1000 °F reports a reading every 5 s. The sensor has a precision of 1/100 °F. The sensor reports along with every temperature reading a time stamp using the ISO 8601 format (CCYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss). (a) If the current temperature measured by the sensor is 342.5 °F, construct the payload of a CoAP message with the reading encoded in XML and then in JSON. (b) Assuming that the sensor consumes 3 nano-Joules per byte (character) transmitted over a wireless network, calculate the total energy required to transmit each message. Which of the two encoding schemes (XML or JSON) is more energy efficient? By what percentage? Compare the bandwidth utilization for the XML vs. JSON messages in bits per second assuming UTF-8 text encoding is being used.
- Q: A bit stream 1011000 is transmitted using the standard CRC method. The divisor is 1011. What is the actual bit string transmitted? Also find out whether, there is an error or not?If you are transmitting a large file, you must utilise cypher block chaining or cypher feedback mode. How much more efficient is one?Triple DES Encryption is the cascade of O DES-Deccryption then DES-Encryption then DES-Decryption and uses 3* 56 = 168 bits as secret key DES-Encryption then DES-Encryption then DES-Encryption and uses 3* 56 = 168 bits as secret key O DES-Encryption then DES-Decryption then DES-Encryption and uses 3* 56 = 168 bits as secret key O DES-Encryption then DES-Decryption then DES-Encryption and uses 3* 64 = 192 bits as secret key
- Alice wishes to tell Bob about the animal she saw at the zoo Alice and Bob share the key stream 1101 1001 0000 1010 1110 1101 Alice creates a 3-character ASCII message, encodes it, and sends it to Bob. This is the ciphertext: 1001 1111 0100 0101 1011 0101 Bob deciphers the message. What animal did Alice see at the zoo?For each number, perform the following bitwise operations. You don't have to show work for each conversion. Format your answers in the following ways, points will be deducted if answers are not formatted correctly. Answers are numbered. Write all hexadecimal numbers using the 0x notation to differentiate between other number systems. Write all binary numbers in groups of 4 bits XXXX XXXX or groups of 8 bits XXXXXXXX What mask value will make the expression true when applying bitwise inclusive OR (|)?10011001 11101100 10101010 11001100???????? ???????? ???????? ????????-----------------------------------11111111 11101111 10101010 11001111Express the mask as an 8 digit hexadecimal number. Given the following:unsigned int result = 0;unsigned int num1 = 0x41;unsigned int num2 = 0x78;unsigned int num3 = 0x43;unsigned int num4 = 0x7A;result = (num1 << 24);result = result | (num4 << 16);result = result | (num2 << 8);result = result | num3;A) Express the value of…QUESTION1 "Rabenstein code was used to send a message with 4 information bits, you receive 100110001 if you can expect at most one bit of corruption, what were the original information bits?" QUESTION 2 Givon the codeword set 111111 000111 110001 101100 011010 Add another codeword to this set that has distance at least 3 to all other codewords.