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Genetic Variation
Genetic variation refers to the variation in the genome sequences between individual organisms of a species. Individual differences or population differences can both be referred to as genetic variations. It is primarily caused by mutation, but other factors such as genetic drift and sexual reproduction also play a major role.
Quantitative Genetics
Quantitative genetics is the part of genetics that deals with the continuous trait, where the expression of various genes influences the phenotypes. Thus genes are expressed together to produce a trait with continuous variability. This is unlike the classical traits or qualitative traits, where each trait is controlled by the expression of a single or very few genes to produce a discontinuous variation.
Descent with modification results in individuals who:
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A.
are the strongest.
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B.
are the smartest.
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C.
have the greatest ability to succeed in life.
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D.
have the greatest ability to survive and reproduce.
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- Which of the following statements best applies to the term adaptation? * A. Resistance increases as a result of exposure to prior stress B. Resistance decreases as a result of exposure to prior stress C. Genetically determined level of resistance acquired over generations D. Genetically determined level of resistance acquired in one generationA practice of what is generally called “farming” of human organs consists in maintaining the body of someone who has been determined to be brain dead on life support in order to be able to harvest a transplantable organ. Which of the four principles of Principlism is violated in this case? a. beneficence toward potential recipients of transplantable organs b. autonomy of the brain-dead person c. non-maleficence toward potential recipients of transplantable organs d. none of the aboveResearchers are very interested in studying identical twins separated at birth and raised apart. So far, data suggests that such twins are more alike than researchers predicted; they frequently have similar personalities, mannerisms, habits, and interests. What general questions do you think researchers hope to answer by studying such twins? Why do identical twins make good subjects for this research? What abuses might occur if the studies are not evaluated critically and if the results are carelessly cited to support a social agenda?
- Which of the following is true about fitness? a) It refers to the physical strength of an individual b) It is determined solely by an individual's genotype c) It is the same thing as survival d) It is the ability of an individual to reproduce and pass on its genes to the next generationWhich of the following does not apply to mutations?a. They occur to cause adaptive changes in response to the environment.b. They are usually either harmful or neutral.c. They are only inherited if they occur in a sperm or egg cell.d. They often occur when DNA is copied.Which of the following is TRUE about eugenics? a. None of the above. b. The idea of eugenics came from an incorrect interpretation of natural selection. c. The Nazis used the idea of eugenics to justify murdering millions of people. d. In the United States, people were forcibly sterilized without their consent, and the courts ruled that this was legal. e. All of the above.
- A social interaction between an actor and a recipient can influence their relative fitness. When the outcome of such an interaction brings harm to both participants, the action is described as being _________. A. asymbiotic. B. spiteful. C. antagonistic. D. selfish.In your own understanding, answer the following questions: 1. Are leaders born or can they be trained?2. Leaders are made, not born. ExplainJenny is identifying insects and finds a camo moth. A camo moth looks like the bark of a tree and can easily blend in with its surroundings. Which of the following is a result of this ability? A) The camo moth uses less energy. B) The camo moth needs less food. C) The camo moth has a greater chance of survival. D) The camo moth has fewer offspring to care for.
- Choose the best answer An organism’s response to a stimulus or situation is the definition of:a. adaptation.b. learning.c. memory.d. behavior.e. epigenetics.On average, Black Americans have shorter life expectancies than White Americans. Which of the following contributes to this difference? A. In recent years, alcohol and opioid abuse have had the biggest impact on life expectancies for Black Amerians relative to any other racial or ethnic groups. B. Black Americans are more likely to have regualr cancer screenings and so have a higher recorded incidence of cancer. C. The youngest generations of Black American are less health than older generations, so health amoung Black Americans has been getting worse over time. D. Black Americans ten to receive lower-quality care and spend less time with medical practitioners than White Americans do.Which of the following is an ethical consideration when using animals in research? a. Avoiding exposing them to unnecessary pain. b. Animals cannot be killed during the course of an experiment. c. Animals must not experience any pain during an experiment. d. There are no ethical considerations when using animals in research.