Describe a mechanism by which an antigen can enter the lymph node and make contact with the B-cell receptor.

Q: Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. In clonal selection of B cells, which…

A: B cell expresses receptors ,that are specific to distinct antigen,  is determined before…

Q: How can an extracellular bacterium be targeted by a particular T cell response? Describe the…

A: T cells (also called T lymphocytes) are one of the major components of the adaptive immune system.…

Q: Compare and contrast the activities of B cells versus T cells.

A: Introduction: The immune system is involved in protecting the human body from any invading pathogen.…

Q: Describe how B cells produce a great variety of differentantibodies, each specific for a particular…

A: Immunity can be defined as the ability of an organism to fight against infections caused by a…

Q: Based on the five major classes of antibodies given below, which of the following is present on the…

A: Antibody: It can be defined as a Y-shaped protein of the immune system responsible for detecting and…

Q: Describe the requirements for activation of helper T cells by macrophages. Explain how helper T…

A: T cells or T lymphocytes play a significant role in cell-mediated adaptive immunity. The cytotoxic T…

Q: Mention the site in the body where the B-cells and T-cells are formed. Give one difference between…

A: Introduction: The immune system is involved in protecting the human body from any invading pathogen.…

Q: Outline the process of B-cell activation against a T-dependent antigen.

A: B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell of the small lymphocyte…

Q: Describe how secondary B cell responses aredeveloped.

A: Immunology is a part of science that covers the investigation of immune frameworks altogether living…

Q: Pus is both a sign of infection and an indicator ofimmune defenses in action. Explain.

A: Pus is thick, opaque, yellowish protein-rich fluid that is filled with dead cells and white blood…

Q: Discuss the events in B-cell and T-cell maturation and how they differ.

A: T cells or thymus cells and B cells or bone marrow- or bursa-derived cells are the major cellular…

Q: If an individual failed to develop a thymus because of a genetic defect, what would happen to the…

A: Without the development of a thymus, immune responses mediated by antibodies and cytotoxic T cells…

Q: Describe what is assembled on the surface of pre-B cells.

A: Pre B cells are cells in the bone marrow that are progenators of the B cells that are a part of the…

Q: . Compare and contrast positive and negative selection of T-lymphocytes and what is meant by central…

A: Lymphocytes -- These are small round cells  with a prominent nucleus which distinguish  them from…

Q: Explain the mechanism by which NK cells are able to engage a highly specific antigen receptor during…

A: NK cells are produced from red bone marrow. They typically kill virus-infected cells and cancerous…

Q: Suppose a baby was born without a functional thymus gland. Could this child still produce…

A: ANTIBODIES:- These are glycoproteins which consist of two identical heavy polypeptide chains and two…

Q: Explain how tolerance to self-antigens may be produced. Also, give two examples of autoimmune…

A: The immune system is responsible for protecting the body from foreign pathogens. Immune system fight…

Q: True or False: Plasma B cells secrete antibodies into the bloodstream?

A: Plasma B Cells, also known as Plasma cells are a differentiated white blood cells which are capable…

Q: Describe the relationship between T cell activation and Antigen Presenting Cell.

A: A T cell is a type of lymphocyte, which develops in the thymus gland (hence the name) and plays a…

Q: Contrast the extracellular and intracellular phases of immune responses to viruses, discussing the…

A: Ans: The extracellular and intracellular are the two phases of the immune response against bacteria…

Q: Many cells in the human body have proteins on the surface that are able to interact with the…

A: Introduction  Autoimmunity is defined as the inability of the body to distinguish between self and…

Q: Define the following terms:a. T cellsb. B cellsc. cellular immunityd. humoral immunitye.…

A: Step 1 Hello. Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If…

Q: Describe the characteristics of subsets of T-cell types in the classic T-cell response.

A: Introduction  Our immune system plays key role in defence against harmful foreign particles be it…

Q: Describe how antibodies are formed in T-independent antigens

A: Antigens are divided into two types named thymus-dependent antigens that require direct contact with…

Q: Explain why are B cells known as Antigen Presenting cells and what happens after antigen…

A: As B cell has MHC class II so that it can present antigen.  B celk has IgM or IgD antibody that…

Q: An epitope associates with which part of an antigen receptor?

A:

Q: Illustrate the B-cell maturation process in response to antigen triggering

A: B cell  also known as B lymphocytes are type of immune cells that belongs to the subtype of B…

Q: Explain how the secondary response to an antigen isfaster and greater than the primary response.

A: Immune response is a function of a human body which work as a body gaurd or a protector to the body.…

Q: describe the process of B-cell activation after a pathogen was recognized and bound to the B-cell…

A: B cell is commonly known as B lymphocytes is a category of white blood cells. B cell function in the…

Q: Which of the following cell types is unable to interact with naive T cells and induce their…

A: Those cells of the immune system that target specific antigens are T cells. The origin of these…

Q: Explain why the processes of T-lymphocytes are collectively called the cellmediated branch of…

A: The adaptive immune response refer to an initial infection takes much longer to form than the innate…

Q: Give the sequence of events from the time the B-cell encounters the antigen to actual antibody…

A: Immunity is the ability of the body to fight against foreign antigen in order to prevent any…

Q: Discuss the difference between the primary response and the secondary response to antigen exposure.

A: The immune system's ability to recognise and respond to previously encountered antigens is referred…

Q: Describe the process by which a B cell possessing a particular antigen receptor is expanded into a…

A: In immunology, the B cells are the antibody producing cell which is a part of the lymphocytes. The…

Q: Explain positive and negative selection that occurs during the selection of T-lymphocytes.

A: The immune system is comprised of various cellular and humoral elements such as T, B-lymphocytes,…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.