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- Draw and label the parts of the late neurula embryos of Amphioxus/echinoderm, amphibian, avian/mammalian embryos.
Table 2: Late Neurula, x.s.
|
Amphioxus/Echinoderm
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Amphibian | Avian/Mammalian |
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- From a 24-hour chick embryo, provide the answers in the following: Pairs of somites in a 24-hour chick embryo Germ layer/s that forms the head process What begins the formation head of process Germ layer/s that form the proamnion Explain why the notochord is not visible in areas where the somites are seenIndicate if it disappears or dissolved in the process of development. •amniotic cavity •blastula •cleavage •ectoderm •embryoblast •embryonic disc •endoderm •epiblast •fertilization •gametes •gastrulation •hypoblast •intermediate mesoderm •lateral plate mesoderm •mesoderm •morula •neural crest cells •neurulation •notochord •occipital somites •paraxial mesoderm •primitive node •primitive streak •trophoblast •yolk sacLabel the parts of the Amphibian Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis.
- ARRANGE THE FOLLOWING EVENTS IN CORRECT SEQUENCE from 1-13: Penetration of the zona pellucida Cortical reaction 1st cleavage Acrosomal membranes rupture, and release their enzyme contents Penetration of the corona radiata Depolarization of egg membranes Migration of cortical cytoplasm to form gray crescent Sperm attach loosely on the zona pellucida Zona reaction Oocyte completes meiotic division ZP3 tenaciously binds acrosome-intact sperm Release of Ca+2 in egg cytoplasm from its bound state AmphimixisWhat critical developmental process/es are altered following retinoic acid-exposure, which may cause protrusion of the spinal cord through the vertebral arches? Select one or more: O A. Primary neurulation, where the neural plate creases inward until the edges come in contact and fuse. O B. Secondary neurulation, where the tube forms by hollowing out of the interior of a solid precursor. O C. Regulation of neural crest migration from the neural tube to generate segmental ganglia. O D. Abnormal somite formation affecting the development of muscles of the back.The figure below shows a time-dependent decrease in size (F to H) of a Hyloxalus frog's yolk plug (labeled with "yp") due to morphogenic movements of vegetal cells towards the internal of the embryo. What major stage of embryonic development is shown in the figure above? Choose the best answer. E 10 F st 12 H st 12.5 O Gastrulation O Fertilization O Blastulation O Cleavage Formation
- Choose all of the correct statements about the formation and role of somites during development. Somites are formed when the notochord signals adjacent mesoderm cells Somites are ectoderm cells, so they will form teeth, jaws, and skin Somites signal adjacent cells to form ossification centers, which eventually grow bone to form vertebrae and ribs O Somites will directly turn into the neural tube (spinal cord)Briefly discuss the important events occurring during gastrulation and neurulation in avian embryogenesis, with emphasis on the importance/role of the following: the epiblast layer; the hypoblast layer; the primitive streak; and the Hensen’s node. Include a brief discussion on how the extraembryonic membranes arise from the germ layers formed during gastrulation.In the provided image (whole mount of 33-hour chick embryo), color the respective germ layers and its derivatives: YELLOW - Endoderm & its derivatives BLUE - Ectoderm & its derivatives GREEN - Notochord ORANGE - Yolk RED - Mesoderm & its derivatives
- Describe the process of mammalian and avian gastrulationGive technical name of female used to bring up in vitro fertilized egg to maturity.Study the sea star development slides, including early and late stages and identify the following stages and structures: zygote, two cell stage, morula (stage), blastula (stage), blastocoel (cavity), archenteron (cavity), ectoderm (layer), endoderm (layer), gastrula (stage). **See Table 52.1, Section 52.3 & 52.4 in textbook ** Why is it useful to study the development of sea stars (Echinodermata) when studying human development? What do the two have in common?
