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Draw the batch bioreactor used in the production of Parmesan cheese in a simple form.
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- USING PARMESAN CHEESE, DESCRIBE A BIOREACTOR SUITABLE FOR THE PROCESS? What is the reactor configuration/instruments? How to operate? Where is the location? Why is the reactor suitable?Why is the batch bioreactor is suitable in milk fermentation?explain three starting compounds for industrial vanillin production. explain two genetic modifications that has been done to improve vanillin production.
- Sydney Brenner isolated Salmonella typhimurium mutants that were implicated in the biosynthesis of tryptophan and would not grow on minimal medium. When these bacterial mutants were tested on minimal medium to which one of four compounds (indole glycerol phosphate, indole, anthranilic acid, and tryptophan) had been added, the growth responses shown in the following table were obtained. Mutant Minimal medium Anthranilic Indole glycerol acid Indole Tryptoph phosphate trp-1 trp-2 trp-3 trp-4 trp-6 trp-7 trp-8 trp-9 trp-10 trp-11 - Give the order of indole glycerol phosphate, indole, anthranilic acid, and tryptophan in a biochemical pathway leading to the synthesis of tryptophan. Indicate which step in the pathway is affected by each of the mutations. + 1 + 1 IIDescribe the following chemicals require in fermentation medium a) Micronutrient b) Trace elementProvide the conditions (e.g., intrinsic properties, storage conditions, etc.) that will make the recovery of the following microorganisms in commercially sterile foods acceptable: a) Obligate thermophilic sporeforming bacteria b) Acid-tolerant microorganisms c) Mesophilic or thermophilic sporeformers
- Sydney Brenner isolated Salmonella typhimurium mutants that were implicated in the biosynthesis of tryptophan and would not grow on minimal medium. When these bacterial mutants were tested on minimal medium to which one of four compounds (indole glycerol phosphate, indole, anthranilic acid, and tryptophan) had been added, the growth responses shown in the following table were obtained. Mutant Minimal medium Anthranilic acid Indole glycerol phosphate Indole Tryptophan trp-1 − − − − + trp-2 − − + + + trp-3 − − − + + trp-4 − − + + + trp-6 − − − − + trp-7 − − − − + trp-8 − + − − + trp-9 − − − − + trp-10 − − − − + trp-11 − − − − + Give the order of indole glycerol phosphate, indole, anthranilic acid, and tryptophan in a biochemical pathway leading to the synthesis of tryptophan. Indicate which step in the pathway is affected by each of the mutations.Differentiate the growth curve exhibited by the same inoculum under the following conditions. Draw and label the parts of your growth curve. A). If it is exponentially growing and inoculated in the same nutritious medium under the same optimum conditions. B). If it is taken from an old culture and inoculated into the same nutritious medium and incubated under the same optimum conditions in (A). C). If it is taken from an old culture and inoculated to a different and less nutritious medium and incubated under the same optimum conditions as (A).Explain why phenol red is used in McConkey agar to detect the acid reaction of lactose fermentation.
- Menaquinones is produced by Flavobacterium meningosepticum via submerged fermentation with 60% working volume in 30-L fermentation. To obtain the crude menaquinones, the fermentation medium is centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 15 minutes. The vacuum-freeze dried particles are crushed and collected. After that the samples are treated with methanol for 20 minutes. To remove polar lipid compounds from bacterial cells, HZ816 macroporous adsorption resin column is used with methanol-dichloromethane (l:1) as mobile phase and flow rate of 0.75 mL/min. Rotary evaporation at 500 C is carried out to concentrate the eluent. After that, the concentrated sample is purified with Bio-BeadsTM S-X3 to remove components without UV absorption. To obtain the homolog purified menaquinones, RP-C18 column is used. Recrystallization is carried out to obtain pure crystalized menaquinones. Answer the following: Indicate how to obtain the sample in the methanol solvent. Three different chromatography are used in…Yeast cells are added to a 3.0 L batch bioreactor so that the initial cell concentration is [X]. = 1.3 g cells / L. The growth mediğim in the reactor, which is well-mixed so the cells have access to all nutrients, contains 150 g CELL DATA ribose (C5H10O5, MW 150), 75 g ammonia (NH3, MW 17), and 85 g oxygen (O2, MW 32). A-10. Determine the maximum concentration of cells, [X], that will form in the bioreactor when the limiting nutrient is consumed. Search Yx/ribose YX/02 YX/NH3 Specific growth rate on limiting nutrient, u Lag phase duration Deceleration phase duration 0.48 g/g 0.87 g/g 0.23 g/g 0.51 h 30 minutes NegligibleExplain the advantages of fed-batch operation mode and give an example for a type of product obtained by fed-batch bioprocess.