During a 20-minute workout, a person burns 350 calories. What is the number of grams of glucose undergoing glycolysis in muscle cells with ample supply of oxygen? NADH in muscle cells is transported via the glycerol phosphate shuttle (which byhpasses Complexes I and II of the ETC). The human ATP synthase has 8 c subunits. Take note: Molar mass of glucose is 180 g/mol 1 calorie = 4.184 J phosphorylation potential in muscle cells is ~55 kJ/mol
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During a 20-minute workout, a person burns 350 calories. What is the number of grams of glucose undergoing glycolysis in muscle cells with ample supply of oxygen? NADH in muscle cells is transported via the glycerol phosphate shuttle (which byhpasses Complexes I and II of the ETC). The human ATP synthase has 8 c subunits.
Take note:
Molar mass of glucose is 180 g/mol
1 calorie = 4.184 J
phosphorylation potential in muscle cells is ~55 kJ/mol
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Solved in 2 steps
- Intracellular concentrations in resting muscle are as follows: fructose- 6-phosphate, 1.0 mM; fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, 10 mM; AMP, 0.1 mM; ADP, 0.5 mM; ATP, 5 mM; and P, 10 mM. Is the phosphofructokinase reac- tion in muscle more or less exergonic than under standard conditions? By how much?Intramitochondrial ATP concentrations are about 5 mM, and phosphate concentration is about 10 mM. If ADP is five times more abundant than AMP,calculate the molar concentrations of ADP and AMP at an energy charge of 0.85. Calculate ∆G for ATP hydrolysis at 37 °C under these conditions.The energy charge is the concentration of ATP plus half the concentration of ADP divided by the total adenine nucleotide concentration.The conversion of lactate to glucose in the liver requires the input of 6 mol of ATP for every mol of glucose produced. Investigators can monitor the extent of this process in a rat liver preparation by administering [¹4C]lactate and measuring the amount of [¹4C]glucose produced. Because the stoichiometry of O, consumption and ATP production is known (about 5 ATP per O₂), investigators can predict the extra O₂ consumption above the normal rate after administering a given amount of lactate. However, when they actually measure the extra O₂ used in the synthesis of glucose from lactate, it is always higher than what the stoichiometric relationships predict. What could explain this observation? Unproductive cycling of ADP and ATP occurs, with extra O, consumption. The initial production of lactate requires extra O₂. The conversion of [C]lactate to [C]glucose requires less ATP and less O₂. The production of [C]glucose uses more O, than the production of unlabeled glucose.
- Walking consumes approximately 100 kcal/mi. In the hydrolysis of ATP (ATP → ADP + Pi), the reaction that drives muscle contraction, ΔG°′ is −7.3 kcal/mol (−30.5 kJ/mol). Calculate how many grams of ATP must be produced to walk a mile. ATP synthesis is coupled to the oxidation of glucose (ΔG°′ = −686 kcal/mol). How many grams of glucose are actually metabolized to produce this amount of ATP? (Assume that only glucose oxidation is used to generate ATP and that 40% of the energy generated from this process is used to phosphorylate ADP. The gram molecular weight of glucose is 180 g and that of ATP is 507 g.)Calculate glucose concentration. Na (sodium) and glucose secondary active transport. Na transport (which drive glucose import) G=R*T*In(Na in/ Na out)+Z*F*Y(psi symbol) Na in=14mM Na out=145MM Z=+1 F=96.5 KJ/V*mol Y(psi)=-0.05V What is the glucose in and out concentration? Please be very through when explaining this calculation. (I am stuck at why the energy sign changes from negative to positive when using the calculated energy from sodium to glucose)A 75 kg person doing light work requires about 3000 kcal of food energy perday, 40% of which is actually used by the body’s cells. (The other 60% is lostas heat and in waste products.) Before being used by the cells, effectively allof this energy is stored in ATP, which is then cleaved into ADP and PO3−2 , with the release of 12.5 kcal per mole of ATP.(a) How many moles of ATP are turned over per day in this fashion? Whatmass of ATP does this correspond to? (The molecular weight of ATP is507 g/mol.)(b) The body actually contains approximately 5 g ATP. Estimate the averagerecycle time for an ATP molecule. You see that it is much more efficientto reuse ADP rather than to synthesize it de novo (from scratch).
- Suppose the physiological concentrations of ATP, ADP and Pi are as follows in human liver cells. ATP = 3.0 mM ADP = 1.5 mM PO4- = 2.0 mM AG" for ATP hydrolysis is -30.5 kJoules/mole R = 0.008314kJ/K/mol T= 298K How much free energy will be released during ATP hydrolysis of ATP in this condition? Please write the formula you will be using to calculate.Twenty-three milligrams of glucose were eaten by the bacteria Sanacoccus pumasareus. Calculate the hypothetical amount of ATP your patient can generate under aerobic respiration with this amount of glucose. (Note: Glucose MW-180.16 g/mole; 1 mole= 6.02 x 1023 molecules (Avogadro's number)). 2.8 x 10^24 ATPs 02.9 x 10^21 ATPs 028 x 10-21 ATP5 029 x 10 24 ATPS Lacks information, cannot be determinedThe enzyme aldolase catalyzes the reaction shown in the glycolytic pathway: Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate dihydroxyacetone phosphate + glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate The AG" for the reaction is +23.8 kJ mol¯¹ (+5.7 kcal mol−¹), whereas the AG in the cell is −1.3 kJ mol¯¹ (−0.3 kcal mol¯¹). Calculate the ratio of products to reactants under standard (equilibrium) conditions at 37°C. [products] [reactants] 7 x10-5 [products] [reactants] Incorrect Aldolase ===== Calculate the ratio of products to reactants under intracellular conditions at 37°C. 4 ×10-5 Incorrect Complete the statement using your results. under standard conditions under intracellular conditions A reaction that is endergonic under standard conditions can be converted into an exergonic reaction by maintaining the ratio of products to reactants below the equilibrium value.
- Just how much free energy is released via the passage of enough hydrogen ions through the ATP synthetase (F0F1 complex) to turn the gamma subunit (attached to the cam) TWO full 360 degrees revolutions? (0) (7) (14) (21) (42) (>42) kilocalories/mole. All choices are considered to be negative delta Gs. Briefly explainIntramitochondrial ATP concentrations are about 5 mM, and phosphate concentration is about 10 mM. Consider that ADP is five times more abundant than AMP. a. Calculate the molar concentrations of ADP and AMP at an energy charge of 0.85. b. Calculate ∆G' for ATP hydrolysis under these conditions (∆G0' for ATP hydrolysis is -32.2 kJ/mol) The energy charge is defined as ( [ATP] + 1/2 [ADP] ) / ( [ATP] + [ADP] + [AMP] )Free energy changes under intracellular conditions differ markedly from those determined under standard conditions. ΔG°′ = -32.2 kJ/mol for ATP hydrolysis to ADP and Pi. Calculate ΔG for ATP hydrolysis in a cell at 37 °C that contains [ATP] = 3 mM, [ADP] = 1 mM, and 3Pi4 = 1 mM.