Enzyme activity is an important characteristic of enzymes, and its units are moles (M) or milimoles (mM) of substrate produced in a given unit of time (e.g. 1 second). The table below contains data from an analysis of enzyme 1. In this experiment, replicate samples contained the same amount of enzyme, and were supplied with different amounts of substrate. After 10 minutes, the amount of product that had been produced was measured. The equation for enzyme kinetics is shown below to help you think about the reactions at each stage. E+SESE+P 1. Part 1. Graph the activity of enzyme 1, label the X and Y axes, and then answer questions 1-5. (Hint: Identify the dependent variable. Put that on the Y axis) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Ō 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10⁰ 2. How did enzyme activity respond when the substrate concentration ranged from 0 to 20 mM? 2. Why did enzyme activity respond in this way? 3. How does enzyme activity respond to substrate concentrations from 50 to 100 mM? 4. Why does enzyme activity respond in this way? Enzyme 1 substrate product conc. made in (MM) 10 min. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 75 88 90 90.5 89.5 91 89.8 89 90 90
Molecular Techniques
Molecular techniques are methods employed in molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, and biophysics to manipulate and analyze nucleic acids (deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)), protein, and lipids. Techniques in molecular biology are employed to investigate the molecular basis for biological activity. These techniques are used to analyze cellular properties, structures, and chemical reactions, with a focus on how certain molecules regulate cellular reactions and growth.
DNA Fingerprinting and Gel Electrophoresis
The genetic makeup of living organisms is shown by a technique known as DNA fingerprinting. The difference is the satellite region of DNA is shown by this process. Alex Jeffreys has invented the process of DNA fingerprinting in 1985. Any biological samples such as blood, hair, saliva, semen can be used for DNA fingerprinting. DNA fingerprinting is also known as DNA profiling or molecular fingerprinting.
Molecular Markers
A known DNA sequence or gene sequence is present on a chromosome, and it is associated with a specific trait or character. It is mainly used as a genetic marker of the molecular marker. The first genetic map was done in a fruit fly, using genes as the first marker. In two categories, molecular markers are classified, classical marker and a DNA marker. A molecular marker is also known as a genetic marker.
DNA Sequencing
The most important feature of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules are nucleotide sequences and the identification of genes and their activities. This the reason why scientists have been working to determine the sequences of pieces of DNA covered under the genomic field. The primary objective of the Human Genome Project was to determine the nucleotide sequence of the entire human nuclear genome. DNA sequencing selectively eliminates the introns leading to only exome sequencing that allows proteins coding.
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