Ethanol, with AHvap = 40.5 kJ mol-1, has a higher AHvap than methanol, which is 35.2 kJ mol1, due to its larger size and greater intermolecular forces. Because the AHvap for ethanol is larger, we would expect that for the two liquids to reach the same vapor pressure, the temperature for ethanol would have to be higher. If the vapor pressure is 0.0992 atm at 27.3 °C, what would the temperature be when the vapor pressure is 8.53 atm? The temperature will be i 140 ! К.

Ethanol, with AHvap = 40.5 kJ mol-1, has a higher AHvap than methanol, which is 35.2 kJ mol1, due to its larger size and greater intermolecular forces. Because the AHvap for ethanol is larger, we would expect that for the two liquids to reach the same vapor pressure, the temperature for ethanol would have to be higher. If the vapor pressure is 0.0992 atm at 27.3 °C, what would the temperature be when the vapor pressure is 8.53 atm? The temperature will be i 140 ! К.

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781305079243

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl

Chapter9: Liquids And Solids

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10RQ

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Consider the following data for the vapor pressure of diethyl ether, a widely used anesthetic in the early days of surgery. Follow the instructions in Question 13 to estimate the heat of vaporization of diethyl ether.
The enthalpy of vaporization of water is larger than its enthalpy of fusion. Explain why.
Why are steam burns so much worse than water burns even if the H2O is at the same temperature for both phases? Hint: Consider the heat of vaporization of water.
Describe the behavior of a liquid and its vapor in a closed vessel as the temperature increases.
5-106 The normal boiling point of hexane, C6H14, is 69°C, and that of pentane, C5H12, is 36°C. Predict which of these compounds has a higher vapor pressure at 20°C.
he enthalpy (H)of vaporization of water is about seven times larger than water’s enthalpy fusion(41kJ/molvs.6kJ/mol). What does this tell us about the relative similarities among the solid, liquid, and gaseous states of water?
Consider a substance X with a Hvap = 20.3 kJ/mol and Hfus = 9.0 kJ/mol. The melting point, freezing point, and heat capacities of both the solid and liquid X are identical to those of water. a If you place one beaker containing 50 g of X at 10C and another beaker with 50 g of H2O at 10C on a hot plate and start heating them, which material will reach the boiling point first? b Which of the materials from part a, X or H2O, would completely boil away first? c On a piece of graph paper, draw the heating curve for H2O and X. How do the heating curves reflect your answers from parts a and b?
Why does sweating cool the human body?
What are intermolecular forces? How do they differ from intramolecular forces? What are dipole-dipole forces? How do typical dipole-dipole forces differ from hydrogen bonding interactions? In what ways are they similar? What are London dispersion forces? How do typical London dispersion forces differ from dipole-dipole forces? In what ways are they similar? Describe the relationship between molecular size and strength of London dispersion forces. Place the major types of intermolecular forces in order of increasing strength. Is there some overlap? That is, can the strongest London dispersion forces be greater than some dipole-dipole forces? Give an example of such an instance.
Methane, CH4, reacts with chlorine, Cl2, to produce a series of chlorinated hydrocarbons: methyl chloride (CH3Cl), methylene chloride (CH2Cl3), chloroform (CHCl3), and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Which compound has the highest vapor pressure at room temperature? Explain.
The following data are the equilibrium vapor pressure of limonene, C10H16, at various temperatures. (Limonene is used as a scent in commercial products.) (a) Plot these data as ln P versus 1/T so that you have a graph resembling the one in Figure 11.13. (b) At what temperature does the liquid have an equilibrium vapor pressure of 250 mm Hg? At what temperature is it 650 mm Hg? (c) What is the normal boiling point of limonene? (d) Calculate the molar enthalpy of vaporization for limonene using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation.

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