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- Please handraw this graph with all the necessary detailed information: Imagine that I text enzyme rate for four different temperatures: 10 degrees celsius, 20 degrees celsisus, 30 degree celsius, and 40 degree celsius, in separate tubes. The enzyme appears to work faster as temperature increases, but completely ceases activity at 40 degrees celcius. Sketch a graph to show this outcome, but here you will graph product formation (nmoles/mL) vs. time (minutes). The graph should be 4 lines and HANDDRAWN. Include a legend if necessary. You do not need precise quantitivate values, but most show the correct trends on the graph.Relating to bioenergetics: a. The equilibrium constant for a particular reaction is 6.8 x 10-5 which makes this reaction exergonic. True or False?b. All processes that occur in the universe are spontaneous and have low enough activation energies that molecules can often overcome the energy barrier. True or False?c. ATP has a highly negative free energy change in part because the negative charges on the oxygens repel each other in ATP but less so in ADP. True or False?Which of the following is a description of an example of the second law of thermodynamics? Some chemical energy in glucose transforms to chemical energy in ATP. O The kinetic energy of wind turns the blades of a wind turbine. The chemical energy in gasoline is transformed to kinetic energy to drive a car. The mechanical energy of flowing water turns a turbine. Some chemical energy in gasoline is transformed to heat while driving a car.
- Explain the following term, be sure to include energy requirements for each process and a biological example of each process: active transportAs a result of an experiment following measurements were obtained from a cell: ATP concentration of 0.5 mM, ADP concentration of 0.1 mM, inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentration of 2 mM. Under these conditions calculate the actual free energy (AG) of the reaction of hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi. (The standard energy (AG°) of ATP = -31 kJ/mol; RT = 2,58 kJ/mol) Select one: O a. -28 kJ/mol O b. -33 kJ/mol OC. -19 kJ/mol O d. -42 kJ/molCalculate the free energy stored in a concentration or electrochemical gradient.
- Consider the following free energy diagram for an uncatalyzed and enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Select all the statements that are true. Without enzyme With enzyme A+B Time AB Oa. The reaction is now spontaneous due to the addition of enzyme b. The rate of the enzyme catalyzed reaction is faster than the uncatalyzed reaction O C. The reaction is exergonic O d. The change in free energy for the reaction is greater in the catalyzed reaction, compared to the uncatalyzed reaction e. The enzyme stabilizes the transition state for the reaction Released Energy pesAs a result of an experiment following measurements were obtained from a cell: ATP concentration of 0.5 mM, ADP concentration of 0.1 mM, inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentration of 2 mM. Under these conditions calculate the actual free energy (AG) of the reaction of hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi. (The standard energy (AG") of ATP = -31 kl/mol; RT = 2.58 kJ/mol) Select one: a. -28 kJ/mol b. -33 kJ/mol C. -42 kJ/mol d. -19 kJ/molExplain the following term, be sure to include energy requirements for each process and a biological example of each process: Simple diffusion
- In which of the following conditions is the Gibbs free energy negative? O reaction is at equilibrium process is spontaneous O reaction is exothermic O process is not spontaneousindicate whether the following reactions are endergonic, requiring energy input, or exergonic, releasing energy: endergonic, exergonic Definition Word Photons from the Sun reach planet Earth Plants use sun energy to convert carbon dioxide into sugars Living organisms break down sugars into carbon dioxide and water Living organisms make ATP from ADP and phosphate Living organisms break down ATP into ADP and phosphate Living organisms use ATP to power metabolic function and other things such as muscle movementWhich of the following statements is most directly described by the first law of thermodynamics? A B с D The synthesis of highly-ordered biomolecules is coupled with the production of heat energy. All energy-transferring processes involve the loss of some of that energy into an unus- able form. Enzymes reduce the activation energy of chemical energy by stabilizing substrates at their transition states. The energy for the synthesis of glucose is provided by the absorption of light energy in chlorophyll pigments.