++ +++ +++ +++ +++ FIGURE 15.14 Affinity Maturation B cells that bind antigen for the longest duration are the most likely to proliferate. The plus signs indicate the relative quality of binding of the antibody to the antigen; those in green indicate the most "fit" to continue proliferating.

++ +++ +++ +++ +++ FIGURE 15.14 Affinity Maturation B cells that bind antigen for the longest duration are the most likely to proliferate. The plus signs indicate the relative quality of binding of the antibody to the antigen; those in green indicate the most "fit" to continue proliferating.

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter12: Body Defenses

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 14RE

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Q: in lymphocytes when there is an increase in production of immunoglobulins, manifested by ER…

A: The endoplasmic reticulum is the largest membrane bound essential organelle in eukaryotic cells…

Q: True/False: The second stimulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activation involves stimulation of the…

A: Introduction Immune systems are organs that primarily assist the body in battling infections and…

Q: Gene region/segment which dictates the antibody class formed by a given B cell. Heavy Chain C exons…

A: Antibodies are the immunoglobins, i.e. Y Y-shaped proteins used by the immune system to respond to…

Q: Please answer fast Which type of cells normally drive class switching to IgE and how? How might the…

A: Answer

Q: Complete the flow chart in Figure with the correct terms from the bulleted list below.

A: B-lymphocytes matures in the bone marrow in humans but in birds it is Bursa of Fabricius and…

Q: Clonal expansion of B cells:

A: Ans - d) Describes the process of multiplication of B cells that have recognized an antigen. Clonal…

Q: It takes fewer molecules of IgM than IgG to cause precipitation. Why wouldthis be so?

A: It takes less or few molecules of IgM than IgG as the IgM is pentameric and consist of 5 molecules…

Q: List and describe the steps of B-cell activation and list the types of B cells produced in this…

A: Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cells(WBCs) or leukocytes and play a major role in protecting…

Q: Which cell regularly undergoes apoptosis following phagocytosis? A. neutrophil B. B lymphocyte C.…

A: Apoptosis is the process in which the cells die due to programmed cell death that occurs in…

Q: Suppose a baby was born without a functional thymus gland. Could this child still produce…

A: ANTIBODIES:- These are glycoproteins which consist of two identical heavy polypeptide chains and two…

Q: Nursing mothers are able to impart some immunity to their infants. Why do you think this is so?

A: The body has the ability to resist infection and fight against the pathogen that is causing the…

Q: match the cell type with its secretion.…

A: Immunology is the branch of science which deals with the study of the immune system, immune response…

Q: Fill in the blank: Type B blood contains antibody _______________________ in the plasma.

A: The immune system of the body is the system that provides us immunity against diseases and also…

Q: NK cells are important for the body's defense against tumor cells. Describe how NK cells can…

A: The immune system is a complicated physiological system comprised of several organs, tissues, and…

Q: Based on the information provided in Figure 22.21, what would be the likely effect of a mutation…

A: Antigens are the foreign substances that enter our body to incite an immune response. Antigens are…

Q: Imagine a person catches sars-coV-2 infection, which route of cell signaling will activated to…

A: SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is the viral strain of the Covid 19, it…

Q: Diagram and describe 5 outcomes of antibody binding

A: An antibody also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig) is a large, Y shaped protein used by the immune…

Q: Diagram of MHC Class Label the diagram of the membrane-bound histocompatibility complex molecule,…

A: MHC stands for major histocompatibility complex. Genes of MHC are located on chromosome six in…

Q: True or False: The most abundant type of antibody, IgG, is the first to respond to an invading…

A: Antibody - Antibody is defined as the Y - shaped protein. Antibody is also called as Immunoglobulin.…

Q: Ted finds out that he has been exposed to the measles and is concerned that he might have contracted…

A: Rubella also referred to as German measles, is an infectious disease triggered by the rubella virus.…

Q: Describe the typical shape and structure of an antibody. Distinguish between antibodies and…

A: Since you've asked many questions, we're only answering the first three for you. If you want any…

Q: You had two blood samples and needed to distinguish between TD and TI B cell responses. You…

A: Binding of foreign antigen with receptors on B cells after being recognized by antigen presenting…

Q: Explain What Are The Forces That Are Responsible For Antigen-antibody Reactions

A: In laboratory settings, the antigen-antibody reaction is used to diagnose blood grouping systems and…

Q: Basic Antibody Štructure Label. Light Chain Heavy Chain Antigen Binding Site 11

A: Immunoglobulins are proteins that are related to the immune system and are called antibodies. Each…

Q: Which cleavage pattern (indicated by the red triangles in figure below) yields a fragment that has…

A: The biological impact of an antibody on a microorganism or its toxin in the context of infectious…

Q: B cells express a complement receptor that binds to C3b cleavage products, such as iC3b and C3dg.…

A: INTRODUCTION The complement system plays a crucial role in the innate defense against common…

Q: Compare and contrast the actions of alpha, beta, delta, and F cells.

A: There are four main types of cells in the immune system: alpha, beta, delta, and F cells. Each type…

Q: What is the difference in the kinetics of antibody formation in response to a first and second…

A: The immune response is a reaction that occurs in an organism to protect against foreign substances.…

Q: Immune System Term Building Write the meaning of the root/prefix/suffix highlighted in each term..…

A: A complex network of cells, tissues, organs, and the substances they create that aids in the body's…

Q: The diagram shows a pathogen (in red) that is present in different cellular compartments of each of…

A: Immunity refers to the body's ability to protect itself against disease-causing germs. Nearly every…

Q: TRUE OR FALSE Each B lymphocyte in your body has receptors on its surface, membrane bound…

A: These are a type of white blood cell , and function in the humoral immunity component of the…

Q: B cells (plasma cells) produce _______________ that bind antigen

A: The ability of an organism to defence against the pathigens that causes infection or the state of…

Q: Place the following events in the correct sequence. Drag the text blocks below Into their correct…

A: To place the events in correct sequence

Q: The T lymphocytes as macrophages, secrete a number of polypeptides (cytokines) generally called…

A: Immune system protects the body against infection. It is a complex network of cells and proteins.…

Q: explain antigen-antibody complexs that is formed and how these were visible

A: An antigen is an agent that provokes the immune response in the host. The antigen is categorized…

Q: Plasma cells are B cells that produce antibodies. true or false

A: Immunity is a resistance of our body against the invading pathogenic agent. It is also considered as…

Q: In what way does the T cell’s membrane receptors differ from the B cell’s membrane receptor? In…

A: B cells and T cells are lymphocytes (white blood cells) , they are made in bone marrows and work to…

Q: Give the sequence of events from the time the B-cell encounters the antigen to actual antibody…

A: Immunity is the ability of the body to fight against foreign antigen in order to prevent any…

Q: TRUE/FALSE Decide whether each of these statements is true or false, and then explain why. Because a…

A: -Antibodies can be described as immunoglobulins which are the large y-shaped proteins, they identify…

Q: Describe the process by which a B cell possessing a particular antigen receptor is expanded into a…

A: In immunology, the B cells are the antibody producing cell which is a part of the lymphocytes. The…

Q: True/False: The C3 convertase amplifies the process of complement activation by generating large…

A: Microbes, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc., that cause infection are called pathogens. When…

Q: In table form, differentiate Cell mediated from Antibody mediated (humoral) Immunity according to…

A: Immunity It is defined as the ability of organisms to be able to resist harmful microorganisms. It…

Q: Question 75 The thymus gland stimulates lymphocytes to become B cells. True False

A: The thymus produces hormones such as thymosin, thymopoietin, and thymulin. They are tiny proteins…

Q: Discuss three differences between antigen and antibodies Explain the structure of the antibody…

A: Antigens are nonself molecules that enter into the body. Antibodies are gamma globulin and they…

Concept explainers

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.

Question

What accounts for the change in a B cell’s ability to bind antigen?

++
+++
+++
+++
+++
FIGURE 15.14 Affinity Maturation B cells that bind antigen for
the longest duration are the most likely to proliferate. The plus signs
indicate the relative quality of binding of the antibody to the antigen;
those in green indicate the most "fit" to continue proliferating.

Expert Solution

This question has been solved!

Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Step 1

VIEW

Step 2

VIEW

Step by step

Solved in 2 steps

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Similar questions

Briefly describe the effector functions of the following subsets of CD4* helper T lymphocytes and distinguish their cytokine profiles: уThi cell ii)Th2 cell
In table form, differentiate Cell mediated from Antibody mediated (humoral) Immunity according to type of cells involved and product form
In the first panel of part (a), what is the purpose of the antibodies attached to the well?
Contrast the structure of a B cell with that of a plasma cell, and explain how their structural difference relates to their functional difference?
The function of Th lymphocytes at the immunological synapse is to __________. View Available Hint(s) for Part A strengthen the synapse eliminate the synapse limit the synapse remember the synapse
Put the following steps in order for cell-mediated immunereactions:(a) Differentiated T cells include T helper, delayed hyper-sensitivity, cytotoxic, and memory T cells that all havedifferent immunological functions depending on the an-tigen presented.(b) Antigen-presenting cells (macrophages and dendriticcells) phagocytize pathogens, ingesting and degradingthem into pieces which are transported to the surface ofthe cell.(c) T cells bearing the corresponding receptor for the pre-sented antigen bind to it and become activated only ifthe appropriate MHC is also present.(d) Some pieces of the pathogen’s antigens are processedby inserting them into the antigen-presenting cell’smembrane and are held in place by class II majorhistocompatibility complex (MHCII) proteins.(e) Activated T cells are stimulated to divide and differen-tiate into different types of T cells, including memorycells
After observing the following image, you can make which of the following statements? Choose from the following: (A) antibody A reacted with antigen A (B) antibody B reacted with antigen B (C) Rh antibody reacted with Rh antigen (D) none of the above occured
It is well known that immune response requires interaction betweenimmune system cells. Please explain how dendritic cells mediate immuneresponse by interacting with other immune system cells.
Discuss three differences between antigen and antibodies Explain the structure of the antibody molecule. Discuss the differences between humoral and cell mediated immunity in terms of chemicals and cells involved in each process as they tackle pathogens.
Structural differences between a B cell and a plasma cell in relation to their function?
For each of the following situations, indicate which type(s) of lymphocyte(s), if any, would be expected to proliferate rapidly in lymph nodes and where in the nodes they would do so. Nomal mouse with a viral infection (a) (b) (c) Neonatally thymectomized mouse immunized with a protein antigen Neonatally thymectomized mouse immunized with the thymus-independent antigen bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which does not require the aid of THcells to activate B cells.
B cells express a complement receptor that binds to C3b cleavage products, such as iC3b and C3dg. When a B cell with an antigen receptor that specifically recognizes that pathogen also has its complement receptor stimulated because the pathogen is opsonized with these C3 fragments, B cell activation is greatly enhanced. Due to this mechanism, B cells can be activated by much lower concentrations of antigen (in this case, the pathogen) than if the antigen is devoid of complement components. This mechanism functions to: Ensure that pathogens are readily detected by the adaptive immune system before they replicate to high levels in the host Prevent B cells from being activated in response to antigens that are not pathogens Allow B cells to phagocytose the pathogen and help destroy it Induce increased rounds of B cell replication to make more pathogen-specific B cells Allow the B cell to block pathogen replication by interfering with multiple pathogen surface functions