Firms HL and LL are identical except for their financial leverage ratios and the interest rates they pay on debt. Each has $12 million in invested capital, has $1. nillion of EBIT, and is in the 25% federal-plus-state tax bracket. Both firms are small with average sales of $25 million or less during the past 3 years, so both are exempt from the interest deduction limitation. Firm HL, however, has a debt-to-capital ratio of 45% and pays 11% interest on its debt, whereas LL has a 35% debt-to-capital ratio and pays only 10% interest on its debt. Neither firm uses preferred stock in its capital structure. . Calculate the return on invested capital (ROIC) for each firm. Round your answers to two decimal places. ROIC for firm LL: % ROIC for firm HL: % . Calculate the return on equity (ROE) for each firm. Round your answers to two decimal places. ROE for firm LL: ROE for firm HL: . Observing that HL has a higher ROE, LL's treasurer is thinking of raising the debt-to-capital ratio from 35% to 60% even though that would increase LL's interest rate on all debt to 15%. Calculate the new ROE for LL. Round your answer to two decimal places.

Firms HL and LL are identical except for their financial leverage ratios and the interest rates they pay on debt. Each has $12 million in invested capital, has $1. nillion of EBIT, and is in the 25% federal-plus-state tax bracket. Both firms are small with average sales of $25 million or less during the past 3 years, so both are exempt from the interest deduction limitation. Firm HL, however, has a debt-to-capital ratio of 45% and pays 11% interest on its debt, whereas LL has a 35% debt-to-capital ratio and pays only 10% interest on its debt. Neither firm uses preferred stock in its capital structure. . Calculate the return on invested capital (ROIC) for each firm. Round your answers to two decimal places. ROIC for firm LL: % ROIC for firm HL: % . Calculate the return on equity (ROE) for each firm. Round your answers to two decimal places. ROE for firm LL: ROE for firm HL: . Observing that HL has a higher ROE, LL's treasurer is thinking of raising the debt-to-capital ratio from 35% to 60% even though that would increase LL's interest rate on all debt to 15%. Calculate the new ROE for LL. Round your answer to two decimal places.

Essentials Of Investments

11th Edition

ISBN:9781260013924

Author:Bodie, Zvi, Kane, Alex, MARCUS, Alan J.

Publisher:Bodie, Zvi, Kane, Alex, MARCUS, Alan J.

Chapter1: Investments: Background And Issues

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PS

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The Neal Company wants to estimate next year's return on equity (ROE) under different financial leverage ratios. Neal's total capital is $20 million, it currently uses only common equity, it has no future plans to use preferred stock in its capital structure, and its federal-plus-state tax rate is 25%. Neal is a small firm with average sales of $25 million or less during the past 3 years, so it is exempt from the interest deduction limitation. The CFO has estimated next year's EBIT for three possible states of the world: $4.1 million with a 0.2 probability, $2.2 million with a 0.5 probability, and $700,000 with a 0.3 probability. Calculate Neal's expected ROE, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation for each of the following debt-to-capital ratios. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places. Debt/Capital ratio is 0. RÔE: % % σ: CV: Debt/Capital ratio is 10%, interest rate is 9%. RÔE: % CV: Debt/Capital ratio is 50%, interest rate is 11%.…
The Neal Company wants to estimate next year's return on equity (ROE) under different financial leverage ratios. Neal's total capital is $20 million, it currently uses only common equity, it has no future plans to use preferred stock in its capital structure, and its federal-plus-state tax rate is 25%. Neal is a small firm with average sales of $25 million or less during the past 3 years, so it is exempt from the interest deduction limitation. The CFO has estimated next year's EBIT for three possible states of the world: $5.3 million with a 0.2 probability, $1.5 million with a 0.5 probability, and $900,000 with a 0.3 probability. Calculate Neal's expected ROE, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation for each of the following debt-to-capital ratios. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places. Debt/Capital ratio is 0. RÔE: O: CV: σ: Debt/Capital ratio is 10%, interest rate is 9%. RÔE: CV: RÔE: 6 O: Debt/Capital ratio is 50%, interest rate is…
The Neal Company wants to estimate next year's return on equity (ROE) under different financial leverage ratios. Neal's total capital is $20 million, it currently uses only common equity, it has no future plans to use preferred stock in its capital structure, and its federal-plus-state tax rate is 25%. Neal is a small firm with average sales of $25 million or less during the past 3 years, so it is exempt from the interest deduction limitation. The CFO has estimated next year's EBIT for three possible states of the world: $4.7 million with a 0.2 probability, $3.3 million with a 0.5 probability, and $900,000 with a 0.3 probability. Calculate Neal's expected ROE, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation for each of the following debt-to-capital ratios. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places. Debt/Capital ratio is 60%, interest rate is 14%. RÔE: % σ: % CV:
The Neal Company wants to estimate next year's return on equity (ROE) under different financial leverage ratios. Neal's total capital is $11 million, it currently uses only common equity, it has no future plans to use preferred stock in its capital structure, and its federal-plus-state tax rate is 25%. Neal is a small firm with average sales of $25 million or less during the past 3 years, so it is exempt from the interest deduction limitation. The CFO has estimated next year's EBIT for three possible states of the world: $4 million with a 0.2 probability, $1.7 million with a 0.5 probability, and $600,000 with a 0.3 probability. Calculate Neal's expected ROE, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation for each of the following debt-to-capital ratios. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places. Debt/Capital ratio is 0. RÔE: 6 CV: 0: Debt/Capital ratio is 10%, interest rate is 9%. RÔE: CV: RÔE: 0: CV: Debt/Capital ratio is 50%, interest rate is…
(b) Iron Corporation currently has no debt on its balance sheet. Iron's marginal tax rate is 30% and the cost of debt is 7%. () If Iron were to issue sufficient debt to reduce its taxes by $100 million per year permanently, how much debt would Iron need to issue? What would be the value of the tax shield? (i) Iron plans to borrow $5 billion on a permanent basis through a leveraged recapitalization in which they would use the borrowed funds to repurchase outstanding shares. Investors pay a tax rate of 35% on their interest income and 15% on their income from capital gains and dividends. Calculate the present value of the interest tax shield from this recapitalization from an investor's perspective.
The Neal Company wants to estimate next year's return on equity (ROE) under different financial leverage ratios. Neal's total capital is $13 million, it currently uses only common equity, it has no future plans to use preferred stock in its capital structure, and its federal-plus-state tax rate is 25%. Neal is a small firm with average sales of $25 million or less during the past 3 years, so it is exempt from the interest deduction limitation. The CFO has estimated next year's EBIT for three possible states of the world: $5.9 million with a 0.2 probability, $3.1 million with a 0.5 probability, and $700,000 with a 0.3 probability. Calculate Neal's expected ROE, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation for each of the following debt-to-capital ratios. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places. Debt/Capital ratio is 0. RÔE: 0: CV: Debt/Capital ratio is 10%, interest rate is 9%. RÔE: 0: CV: Debt/Capital ratio is 50%, interest rate is 11%. % %…
The Neal Company wants to estimate next year's return on equity (ROE) under different financial leverage ratios. Neal's total capital is $10 million, it currently uses only common equity, it has no future plans to use preferred stock in its capital structure, and its federal-plus-state tax rate is 40%. The CFO has estimated next year's EBIT for three possible states of the world: $5 million with a 0.2 probability, $1.5 million with a 0.5 probability, and $0.7 million with a 0.3 probability. Calculate Neal's expected ROE, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation for each of the following debt-to-capital ratios. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places at the end of the calculations. Debt/Capital ratio is 0. RÔE RÔE 0 = CV = Debt/Capital ratio is 10%, interest rate is 9%. = RÔE = RÔE 0 = CV = Debt/Capital ratio is 50%, interest rate is 11%. = % % = % % 0 = CV = Debt/Capital ratio is 60%, interest rate is 14%. 0 = CV = % % % %
The Neal Company wants to estimate next year's return on equity (ROE) under different financial leverage ratios. Neal's total capital is $18 million, it currently uses only common equity, it has no future plans to use preferred stock in its capital structure, and its federal-plus-state tax rate is 40%. The CFO has estimated next year's EBIT for three possible states of the world: $4.2 million with a 0.2 probability, $2.7 million with a 0.5 probability, and $0.8 million with a 0.3 probability. Calculate Neal's expected ROE, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation for each of the following debt-to-capital ratios. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places at the end of the calculations. Debt/Capital ratio is 0. RÔE = %σ = %CV = Debt/Capital ratio is 10%, interest rate is 9%. RÔE = %σ = %CV = Debt/Capital ratio is 50%, interest rate is 11%. RÔE = %σ = %CV = Debt/Capital ratio is 60%, interest rate is 14%. RÔE = %σ = %CV =
Hemingway Corporation is considering expanding its operations to boost its income, but before making a final decision, it has asked you to calculate the corporate tax consequences of such a decision. Currently, Hemingway generates before-tax yearly income of $193,000 and has no debt outstanding. Expanding operations would allow Hemingway to increase before-tax yearly income to $335,000. Hemingway can use either cash reserves or debt to finance its expansion. If Hemingway uses debt, it will have a yearly interest expense of $70,000. Create a spreadsheet to conduct a tax analysis (assume a 28% flat tax rate) for Hemingway Corporation and determine the folowing: a. What is Hemingway's current annual corporate tax liability? b. If Hemingway finances its expansion using cash reserves, what will be its new corporate tax liability? c. If Hemingway finances its expansion using debt, what will be its new corporate tax liability? 11
The Neal Company wants to estimate next year’s returnon equity (ROE) under different financial leverage ratios. Neal’s total capital is $14 million,it currently uses only common equity, it has no future plans to use preferred stock in itscapital structure, and its federal-plus-state tax rate is 40%. The CFO has estimated nextyear’s EBIT for three possible states of the world: $4.2 million with a 0.2 probability,$2.8 million with a 0.5 probability, and $700,000 with a 0.3 probability. Calculate Neal’sexpected ROE, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation for each of the followingdebt-to-capital ratios; then evaluate the results:
Byrd Enterprises has no debt. Its current total value is $50.2 million. Assume debt proceeds are used to repurchase equity. Ignoring taxes, what will the company’s value be if it sells $20 million in debt? Note: Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer in dollars, not millions of dollars, rounded to the nearest whole number, e.g., 1,234,567. Suppose now that the company’s tax rate is 21 percent. What will its overall value be if it sells $20 million in debt? Note: Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer in dollars, not millions of dollars, rounded to the nearest whole number, e.g., 1,234,567.
Shadow, Inc., is planning to repurchase part of its common stock by issuing corporate debt. As a result, the firm’s debt-equity ratio is expected to rise from 30 percent to 50 percent. The firm currently has $4.5 million worth of debt outstanding. The cost of this debt is 8 percent per year. Shadow expects to have an EBIT of $1.8 million per year in perpetuity. Shadow pays no taxes. (1) What is the expected return on the equity of an otherwise identical all-equity firm? (2) What is the expected return on the firm’s equity after the announcement of the stock repurchase plan?

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