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- What mass of water at 25.0C must be allowed to conic to thermal equilibrium with a 1.85-kg cube of aluminum initially at 1.50 102C to lower the temperature of the aluminum to 65.0C? Assume any water turned to steam subsequently recondenses.Before going in for an annual physical, a 70.0-kgkgperson whose body temperature is 37.0∘C Consumes an entire 0.355-literliter can of a soft drink (which is mostly water) at 12.0∘C What will be the person's body temperature TfinalTfinal after equilibrium is attained? Ignore any heating by the person's metabolism. The specific heat capacity of a human body is 3480 J/kg⋅KJ/kg⋅K. Is the change in the person's body temperature great enough to be measured by a medical thermometer? (A high-quality medical thermometer can measure temperature changes as small as 0.1∘C∘C or less.)2.A solar collector with an area of 1.5 m2 is installed on the rooftop of a house. Assume that the radiative encrgy amiving from the sun is 1000 Wm. The collector reflecis 10% of the enengy arriving on is surfice. Also, the collector is not perfectly insulated, and losses occur The collector has a heat transfer coefficient h of 2 Wmx The side arcas of the collector are assumed to be negligible. The ambient temperature is 20 °C and the collector is assumed to be at a temperature of 50 "c. Consider that this temperature is constant throughout the whole collector The collector is assumed to behave like a black body. a) What is the power output of the collector? b) What percentage of the total losses is caused by radiation?
- 1. Thermal equilibration in a two-level atomic system: purely radiative case. Suppose a collection of two-level atoms has a specified radiative decay rate Yrad, = and no nonradiative decay, Ynr 0. The atoms are pre-cooled to absolute zero for long enough to come into equilibrium with №₂ 0, and then are suddenly moved at t = 0 into an enclosure with walls held at a finite temperature Trad. Find formulas for the populations N₁(t) and N₂(t), and for the temperature Ta(t) of the collection of atoms for t > 0. =Q.1/If you have 100 gm of ice at Oc, how much energy you need to convert this ice to water vapor at 100c? Knowing that the latent heat of fusion is79.9cal/gm and specific heat capacity of water is 1cal/gm.c, latent heat of water vaporization is 540cal/gm.26. The volume of a monatomic gas sample increases by 4 It, as heat is transferred to it under a constant pressure of 100 kPa. What is the change in the inter- nal energy of the gas? 38 27. What amount of heat is needed to increase the tem- perature of 2 moles of a monatomic gas from 20 °C to 120 °C, at constant volume?
- dinP If the relation between P and Tis expressed by ΔΗ .calculate- R ΔΗ at T=300 K. R T(K) P(kPa) 290 10 300 15 310 20 O a. -2675.4 O b. -3451.8 O. None O d. -3115.7Q2. (a) Starting with the assumptions made, show that according to Einstein’stheory of specific heat of solids, at very low temperatures Cv varies exponentially with temperature T . (b) Explain why the contribution of free electrons to the total specific heat of a metallic solid is negligible at high temperatures.3. It has been suggested that the surface melting of ices plays a role in enabling speed skaters to achieve peak performance. Carry out the following calculation to test this hypothesis. At 1 atm pressure, ice melts at 273.15 K, AH fusion=6010 J mol-¹, the density of ice is 920 kg m-³, and the density of water is 997 kg m-³. A. What pressure is required to lower the melting point by 4 °C? B. Assume that the width of the skate in contact with the ice has been reduced by sharpening to 19x10-³ cm, and the length of the contact area is 18 cm. If a skater of mass 78 kg is balanced on one skate, what pressure is exerted at the interface of the skate and the ice? C. What is the melting point of ice under this pressure? D. If the temperature of the ice is -4°C, do you expect melting of the ice at the ice-skate interface occur?
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