genomic DNA
Q: For bacteria living in a rapidly changing environment, would a population of bacteria capable of…
A: In Bacteria Conjugation is dependent upon thetra genes found in 'conjugative' plasmids, which, among…
Q: You discovered a new gene and cloned it into a plasmid vector. You have reason to suspect this gene…
A: Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide. It occurs due to mutation in growth regulatory…
Q: Which of the following best describes the function of telomerase? a. The telomerase uses its RNA…
A: Which of the following best describes the function of telomerase Answer : a. The telomerase uses…
Q: Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which plasmids increase the possibility of being…
A: The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the hereditary unit of an organism. It consists of purines and…
Q: Binary fission in bacteria is beneficial for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: Group of answer…
A: Binary fission is the process in prokaryotic organisms, where a single cell divides into two cells…
Q: When a virus mistakenly picks up a segment of host bacterial DNA, packages it into a viral particle,…
A: There are many methods of DNA transfer in bacteria such as transduction, conjugation and…
Q: How is bacterial DNA safe from digestion by Restriction Endonucleases? The plasmid of the…
A: Question- How is bacterial DNA safe from digestion by Restriction Endonucleases? A) The…
Q: A piece of DNA ejected by a bacterial cell through a tube-like passage through the cell wall is…
A: Bacterial cells divide by binary fission in which one parent cell divides into two identical…
Q: How many fragments would be produced if the DNA is cut by that enzyme? Number each fragment…
A: * Restriction enzymes recognizes specific palindrome sequence and cut DNA only at that specific…
Q: In any transformation experiment involving any gene of interest, what is it you are selecting for?…
A: Transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and…
Q: The Molecular Cell Biology Unit of University X is working on a particular gene segment called…
A: Gene cloning is a common practice in molecular biology labs that are used by researchers to create…
Q: When an E. coli donor cell duplicates a strand of plasmid DNA, and passes this DNA strand to a…
A: Genetic recombination is the process of exchange of genetic material between two organisms, cells,…
Q: For pGLO plasmid that contains araC gene and Ampr gene, what are the names of their promoters and…
A: pGLO plasmid pGLO plasmid is a 5371bp genetically engineered plasmid to create genetically modified…
Q: Suppose that you used reverse transcriptase to copy the ovalbumin mRNA and cloned this complementary…
A: Reverse transcription is RNA dependent DNA synthesis. cDNA is the genomic DNA without intron. cDNA…
Q: Which of the following processes of genetic information flow can occur under lab conditions, but has…
A: The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the double-stranded molecule which is the genetic material in…
Q: When a bacteriophage accidentally incorporates a fragment of host DNA in its capsid and delivers it…
A: Bacteriophages bind to various receptors on the surface of bacteria, such as lipopolysaccharides,…
Q: In yeast, you have sequenced a piece of wild-type DNA and it clearly contains a gene, but you do not…
A: To find the mutated genes one must code all the amino acid of the genetic modified yeast and normal…
Q: In a species of ciliated protist, a segment of genomic DNA is sometimes deleted. The deletion is a…
A: The biochemical molecule that is built up with two polynucleotide chains is called DNA…
Q: In 1994, telomerase activity was discovered in human cancer cell lines. Although telomerase is not…
A: The expectation of this survey is to depict what is known and obscure about telomerase in…
Q: The yeast genome has class 1 elements (Ty1, Ty2, and so forth) but no class 2 elements. What is a…
A: Yeast has a very compact genome having 70 % of its DNA as exons, therefore it contains insufficient…
Q: Do you see any potential problems with inserting pieces of a retroviral genome into humans? If so,…
A: Viruses are a nucleoprotein entity which is able to utilize the synthetic machinery of a living cell…
Q: Assume that there are horizontal gene transfers between two completely different bacterial species.…
A: Bacterial transformation and conjugation are the types of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria in…
Q: propose a method with the help of which they can generate many copies of the gene.
A: The production of multiple copies of a gene from a single gene, this technique is called as DNA…
Q: If you had the ability to do gene editing with ONE gene for the betterment of human kind, which one…
A: Hemophilia is a hereditary problem that causes interior and outer draining by keeping blood from…
Q: The stringency of PCR amplification can be controlled by altering the temperature at which the…
A: PCR amplification is defined as the specific amplification of mostly DNA or RNA targets. This is…
Q: Jane has isolated a mutant strain of yeast that forms red colonies instead of the normal white when…
A: Plasmids are little pieces of extrachromosomal DNA found in the cytoplasm that can multiply on their…
Q: At the end of an experiment, you extract DNA from ten yeast colonies. You divide the DNA from each…
A: Replication replicates are the tubes having same set of conditions for reducing the variability in…
Q: Which Class I element has likely experienced the greatest accumulation of mutations compared to its…
A: Transposable elements are the Jumping genes which are the mobile genetic material within the genome.…
Q: How can homologous recombination affect genome evolution in bacteria? Describe at least TWO…
A: Introduction : The gene combination which is different from parental genes is called recombination.…
Q: The following diagram outlines how the process of cloning a sheep was accomplished. Cloning is the…
A: gene cloning is a process of producing the exact same of the gene of the interest. Replicating…
Q: Suppose that you could inject a wild-type mouse zygote with a specific CRISPR RNA and the Cas9…
A: CRISPR-Cas9 is a genome editing tool. It helps researchers to edit or change the gene from the…
Q: Bacterial conjugation has medical consequences. For example, certain plasmids contain genes that…
A: Bacterial Conjugation refers to parasexual mode of reproduction by which the genetic material is…
Q: In your opinion, what is the most compelling reason to upload transcriptome data to free, public…
A: Transcriptome means a series of mRNA or messenger RNA, molecules expressed in an organism. The human…
Q: In each case, state if you agree and provide a reason for your answer. i) DNA primase ii) DNA…
A: Mutation is the sudden change in the nucleotide base sequence of DNA and can result due to the…
Q: Why bacteriophage is called t4?
A: A bacteriophage is a virus that infects and replicates within bacteria. It injects the genetic…
Q: If a vector containing the desired gene X is inserted into a microorganism, for instance,…
A: The purpose of this experiment is to insert a vector containing the gene X into the microorganism…
Q: You isolated two bacteria from soil that you assumed were different species since they have…
A: Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that are present in their millions, in every…
Q: You identify a new bacterial species in the koi pond between the Curry Student Center and Robinson…
A: Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms. They do not have a true nucleus and no cellular organelles.…
Q: Genetic analysis of Mycobacterium leprae, the bacterium that causes leprosy, reveals that its genome…
A: BASIC INFORMATION BACTERIA It is one of the type of biological cell. They belong to prokaryotic…
Q: What is the function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses? converts host cell RNA into…
A: Retroviruses are single stranded RNA virus which used RNA as its genetic material.
Q: Recent scientific studies show that the plasmid plays a vital role in gene transfer not only in the…
A: A plasmid is circular, extrachromosomal, small piece of DNA present in the cytoplasm that is…
Q: A genetics instructor designs a laboratory experiment to study the effects of UV radiation on…
A: Bacterial species refer to the prokaryotic microorganism that is characterized by various shapes.…
Q: Aside from resistance to multiple antibiotics, what other physiologic or metabolic functions are…
A: Plasmids serve a variety of purposes. They may contain genes that help an organism survive by…
Q: A technique known as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is able to produce millions of copies of a DNA…
A: PCR or Polymerase Chain Reaction is a technique which is used to amplify small sample of DNA…
Q: A. In 1952, the nucleus of a _______________________ embryo was placed into a donor cell. Was the…
A: Cloning is defined as a process in which genetically identical organisms are produced either…
Q: Assume you have successfully cloned a small (200 bp) fragment of DNA into the polylinker region of a…
A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…
Q: Some retrotransposons and retroviruses integrate preferentially into regions of the chromosome that…
A:
Q: Which of the following options best explains how the lacZ reporter gene works when screening for…
A: Given: Need to find the correct option among the given four options to know how lacZ reporter gene…
Q: Part A: Antibiotic resistance is a major health concern. Resistance to various antibiotics can be…
A: When the existence of antibiotics and antifungals forces bacteria and fungi to adjust, antimicrobial…
In a hypothetical scenario, you wake up one morning to your roommate exclaiming about her sudden hair growth. She has been supplementing her diet with a strange new
b) You clone your digested genomic DNA into this vector. The E. coli (bacteria) cells that you will transform to create your library will have what
c) How do you distinguish bacterial cells that carry a vector from those that do not?
d) How do you distinguish bacterial cells that carry a recombinant vector from those that carry the original cloning vector?
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- The figure below shows the life cycle of the fungus Neurospora. The adult stage of the Neurospora is a multicellular haploid. b) Neurospora has an arginine amino acid synthesis pathway shown below. Suppose I take the strain above that only grows with arginine supplements and cross it to a different mutant Neurospora strain that grows with arginine and citrulline supplements but not with ornithine supplements. Assuming gens A, B, and C are unlinked and there is only one mutation per stain: What percentage of the progeny will grow on ornithine? What percentage on citrulline? What percentage on arginine?Xeroderma pigmentosum is a genetic disease caused by an error in the nucleotide excision repair process that fixes damage to DNA by ultraviolet light. Studies have shown that it can result from mutations in any one of seven genes. What can you infer from this finding? A) There are seven genes that produce the same protein B) These seven genes are the most easily damaged by ultraviolet light. C) There are seven enzymes involved in the nucleotide excision repair process. D) These mutations have resulted from translocation of gene segments.Bacterial conjugation has medical consequences. For example, certain plasmids contain genes that code for toxins. The causative agent of a deadly form of food poisoning, E. coli 0157, synthesizes a toxin that causes massive bloody diarrhea and kidney failure. This toxin is now believed to have originated in Shigella, another bacterium that causes dysentery. Similarly, the growing problem of antibiotic resistance is partly attributable to the spread of antibioticresistant genes among bacterial populations. Antibiotic resistance develops because antibiotics are overused in medical practice and in livestock feeds. Suggest a mechanism by which this extensive use promotes antibiotic resistance.
- Imagine that there is an E. coli outbreak in your area, and you would like to test the kangkong from your local grocery store. How could you modify this protocol to extract DNA from the kangkong (to identify the species) and check for presence or absence of E. coli.? Keep in mind that (i) E. coli is free-living and not an endosymbiont, and (ii) plant cells are encased in both a cell membrane and cell wall.The genes for both the α- and βglobin chains of hemoglobin contain introns (i.e., they are split genes). How would this fact affect your plans if you wanted to introduce the gene for α-globin into a bacterial plasmid and have the bacteria produce α-globin?In Hershey-Chase experiment, bacteriophages protein coats were tagged with radioactive isotope S-32. These phages were used to infect E. coli cells and the cells were further centrifuged to form pellets. Why was the radioactivity level of S-32 found greater outside the cells compared to the E. coli cell pellets? Explain briefly. If the experiment is repeated in the same manner but this time the phage protein coats are labelled with isotope X and the phage DNA with isotope Y, which isotope’s radioactivity will be found in greater amounts in the E. coli cell pellets after centrifugation? Explain briefly.
- In a species of ciliated protist, a segment of genomic DNA is sometimes deleted. The deletion is a genetically programmed reaction associated with cellular mating. A researcher proposes that the DNA is deleted in atype of recombination called site-specific recombination, with the DNA at either end of the segment joined together and the deleted DNA ending up as a circular DNA reaction product. Suggest how the researcher might use the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the presence of the circular form of the deleted DNA in an extract of the protistAgrobacterium tumefaciens is a bacterium that infects a wide range of broad-leaved plants. During infection, a plasmid called Ti is transferred into the plant cells, where that plasmid DNA is integrated into the plant’s genome. Some of the genes encoded by this plasmid are expressed by host cell machinery in the plant cell. These gene products produce plant hormones which stimulate cell division in the infected cells, causing the development of a plant tumor which provides an environment for that bacterium to grow. You are studying a novel isolate of A. tumefaciens and want to determine which of the genes on the Ti plasmid are expressed in the bacterium, and which are expressed in the plant. You start by sequencing the Ti plasmid. a) Considering the DNA sequence of Ti, describe two specific genetic features that would help you to differentiate whether a given gene is likely expressed in the plant or bacterium. b) You collect plant tumor tissue, containing both bacterial and plant…Consider three genes in E. coli: thr+, ara+, and leu+ (which give the cell the ability to synthesize threonine, arabinose, and leucine, respectively). All three of these genes are close together on the E. coli chromosome. Phages are grown in a thr+ ara+ leu+ strain of bacteria (the donor strain). The phage lysate is collected and used to infect a strain of bacteria that is thr− ara− leu −. The recipient bacteria are then tested on selective medium lacking leucine. Bacteria that grow and form colonies on this medium (leu+ transductants) are then replica-plated on medium lacking threonine and on medium lacking arabinose to see which are thr+ and which are ara+. Another group of the recipient bacteria are tested on medium lackingthreonine. Bacteria that grow and form colonies on this medium (thr+ transductants) are then replica-plated on medium lacking leucine and onto medium lacking arabinose to see which are ara+ and which are leu+. Results from these experiments are as follows:…
- You receive four strains of yeast in the mail, and the accompanying instructions state that each strain contains a single copy of transgene A. You grow the four strains and determine that only three strains express the protein product of transgene A. Further analysis reveals that transgene A is located at a different position in the yeast genome in each of the four strains. Provide a hypothesis to explain this result.The Pfizer Covid-19 vaccine is one of the vaccines currently being rolled out for mass vaccination in South Africa to protect the population against SARS CoV-2, and the active compound in this vaccine is an mRNA molecule. a) The starting material for productio of this vaccine is a copy of the coronavirus spike protein gene cloned into a ppasmid. List the main experimental steps in the vaccine production process, to go from a plamid to an mRNA molecule. b) Which molecular processes in the cell will allow an injected strand of mRNA to produce anti-Covid immunity in the vaccine recipient?Three haploid fungal mutants that require compound W for growth were isolated. Each mutant contains a recessive allele in a single gene. Three compounds (A, B and C) in the biosynthetic pathway to W are known, but their order in the pathway is unknown. Each compound is tested for its ability to support the growth of each of the three mutants. Phenotypes of all of the three mutants are shown in the following table (“+" indicates growth, "-" indicates no growth). A C W Mutant 1 Mutant 2 Mutant 3 What would be the phenotype of a haploid mutant that contains both mutant alleles in mutant 2 and 3? Phenotype refers to growth or absence of growth on compounds A, B, C and WN. O Like mutant 1 O Like mutant 2 Like mutant 3 O Like wild type
