HIV - is a virus with RNA as the genomic material - is a retrovirus that reverse-transcribes its genome from RNA to DNA as part of its life cycle - causes AIDS - uses CD4 and CCR5 as receptor and co-receptor for entering the host cells - All of the above
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is a virus with RNA as the genomic material
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is a retrovirus that reverse-transcribes its genome from RNA to DNA as part of its life cycle
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causes AIDS
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uses CD4 and CCR5 as receptor and co-receptor for entering the host cells
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All of the above
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- what characteristics of a virus protects it from immune system recognition? -incorporates itself into the infected tissue -Secretes antigens that repel mcrophages away from infected cell -produces toxins cytokines that detroys macrophages and neutrophils -Inactivates antigen recptors virus cell membraneWhich of the following statements are correct for a class V ssRNA (-) virus? it uses its genome directly for translation it must make the complementary (+) RNA strand to synthesize more of its genome it replicates its genome via classical semiconservative replication it converts its genome to DNA via reverse transcriptase as part of its life cycleViral receptors are important to viruses because these will allow them to complete their replication inside the cell. True False
- Which of the following is a similarity between viruses of bacteria (bacteriophages) and viruses of algae? These viruses will enter host cells by membrane fusion. They infect host cells by injecting nucleic acid (i.e., capsid does not enter cell) After replication in a host cell, the newly-assembled viruses will exit the cell by budding. These viruses are taken into host cells by phagocytosis.The diagram below shows the Covid-19 virus with its spike protein. It also shows the area on the spike protein which binds to the ACE2 receptor (receptor binding domain). Corona Virus Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) Spike Protein In order to get into a cell, the Covid-19 virus needs to bind to the ACE2 receptor. Once bound it is brought into the cell. These receptors are found on cells making up various tissues (oral and nasal mucosa, nasopharynx, lung, stomach, small intestine, colon, skin, lymph nodes, thymus, bone marrow, spleen, liver, kidney, and brain). The symptoms for Covid-19 are linked to the tissue cells the virus infects. To the right is a diagram showing the biding of the spike protein to the ACE2 receptor. SARS-COV-2 Spike (S) Host Cell ACE2 acerDuring infection of a cell by Coronavirus, the N protein is: found on the outer surface of the virus particles synthesized on bound ribosomes on the rough ER synthesized in the cytosol on free ribosomes part of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase required for binding of the virus particle to cells
- Retroviruses are dependent on reverse transcriptase, which does which of the following? Transcribes RNA backward (3' to 5' instead of 5' to 3') None of these are correct. Creates transcripts from an RNA template Creates a DNA copy of an RNA template.How common is ABV in the USA? In the United States, over half of adults have been infected with ABV by age 40. Once ABV is in a person's body, it stays there for life and can reactivate. Match terms with descriptions based on the text above. You can use an answer more than once or not at all. "Over half of adults have been infected with ABV by age 40." ABV could belong to this group of viruses: A. Human Papilloma Viruses B. Incidence of ABV C. Herpesviruses D. Prevalence of ABV by age 40All of the following statements correctly describes the properties of Influenza A virus EXCEPT A-Viral transcription occurs in the nucleus B-Mature virion are released by budding C-Single stranded positive sense RNA virus D-Attaches to cell-surface sialic acid
- An antimicrobial drug binds to the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme, preventing it from working. Which of the following is true of this drug? It would inhibit early replication steps of some viruses, but not affect normal eukaryotic cell activity. It would directly interfere with translation of some viral proteins and some eukaryotic proteins. It would block assembly/maturation steps of some viruses, and interfere with translation in eukaryotic cells. It would interfere with release of newly formed viruses from a host cell, but not affect eukaryotic cells. It would interfere with protein synthesis in bacteria, but not affect eukaryotic ribosomes. It would interfere with mRNA transcription in bacteria and viruses, but not affect eukaryotic transcription.Which of the following highly contagious viruses is a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus with a helical capsid and envelope and is transmitted by coming in contact with respiratory secretions? "This is a highly contagious respiratory illness transmitted when an infected person coughs or sneezes virus particles into the air," the health department said in a written statement. "It's so contagious that if one person is sick and spreading measles, nine out of 10 people around them who aren't immune will get it, too." Group of answer choices a. Measles b. Parvovirus c. Coxsackie virus A d. RhinovirusViruses can easily mutate exchange genetic material, mechanisms referred to as antigenic drift and antigenic shift. These changes allow the virus to evade the immune system defenses. Match each term with the correct definition Antigenic drift [ Choose ] [Choose ] Different strains of a virus or strain of different viruses, combine and form a new strain that now has a mixture of the surface antigens Antigenic shift The virus changes genetically by accumulating mutations within the genes that code for antibody-binding sites
