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- David Lyons, CEO of Lyons Solar Technologies, is concerned about his firms level of debt financing. The company uses short-term debt to finance its temporary working capital needs, but it does not use any permanent (long-term) debt. Other solar technology companies have debt, and Mr. Lyons wonders why they use debt and what its effects are on stock prices. To gain some insights into the matter, he poses the following questions to you, his recently hired assistant: e. Suppose the expected free cash flow for Year 1 is 250,000 but it is expected to grow faster than 7% during the next 3 years: FCF2 = 290,000 and FCF3 = 320,000, after which it will grow at a constant rate of 7%. The expected interest expense at Year 1 is 128,000, but it is expected to grow over the next couple of years before the capital structure becomes constant: Interest expense at Year 2 will be 152,000, at Year 3 it will be 192,000 and it will grow at 7% thereafter. What is the estimated horizon unlevered value of operations (i.e., the value at Year 3 immediately after the FCF at Year 3)? What is the current unlevered value of operations? What is the horizon value of the tax shield at Year 3? What is the current value of the tax shield? What is the current total value? The tax rate and unlevered cost of equity remain at 25% and 14%, respectively.The Berndt Corporation expects to have sales of 12 million. Costs other than depreciation are expected to be 75% of sales, and depreciation is expected to be 1.5 million. All sales revenues will be collected in cash, and costs other than depreciation must be paid for during the year. Berndts federal-plus-state tax rate is 40%. Berndt has no debt. a. Set up an income statement. What is Berndts expected net income? Its expected net cash flow? b. Suppose Congress changed the tax laws so that Berndts depreciation expenses doubled. No changes in operations occurred. What would happen to reported profit and to net cash flow? c. Now suppose that Congress changed the tax laws such that, instead of doubling Berndts depreciation, it was reduced by 50%. How would profit and net cash flow be affected? d. If this were your company, would you prefer Congress to cause your depreciation expense to be doubled or halved? Why?you have developed the following pro forma income statement for your? corporation: it represents the most recent? year’s operations, which ended yesterday. a.if sales should increase by 25 ?percent, by what percent would earnings before interest and taxes and net income? increase? b.if sales should decrease by 25 ?percent, by what percent would earnings before interest and taxes and net income? decrease? q c.if the firm were to reduce its reliance on debt financing such that interest expense were cut in? half, how would this affect your answers to parts a and b?? sales $ 45,750,000 variable costs -22,800,000 revenue before fixed costs $ 22,950,000 fixed costs -9,200,000 ebit $ 13,750,000 interest expense -1,350,000 earnings before taxes $ 12,400,000 taxes (50%) -6,200,000 net income $ 6,200,000
- Your company has always depreciated assets using the straight-line method. Your tax accountant has explained that a switch to the double-declining balance method would minimize taxes in the current year, but you are concerned about the impact this change would have on the value of long-term assets on the balance sheet and future tax liabilities. Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words: Assuming your projected sales (and therefore tax bracket) are predicted to increase dramatically over the next 5 years, what should you do?You own a company whose profits tax is 20% and fixed assets depreciate over 10 years. Which would be the best change for your company? a) lower tax rate and faster depreciation b) lower tax rate and slower depreciation c) higher tax rate and faster depreciation d) higher tax rate and slower depreciationA company needs to raise $9 million and issues bonds for that amount rather than additional capital stock. Which of the following is not a likely reason the company chose debt financing? A. Management hopes to increase profits by using financial leveraging. B. The cost of borrowing is reduced because interest expense is tax deductible. C. Adding new owners increases the possibility of bankruptcy if economic conditions get worse. D. If money becomes available, the company can rid itself of debts.
- Suppose a firm’s tax rate is 25%. 1. What effect would a $9.26 million operating expense have on this year's earnings? What effect would it have on next year's earnings? (Select all the choices thatapply.) A. A $9.26 million operating expense would be immediately expensed, increasing operating expenses by $9.26 million. This would lead to a reduction in taxes of 25%×$9.26 million=$2.32 million. B. A $9.26 million operating expense would be immediately expensed, increasing operating expenses by $9.26 million. This would lead to an increase in taxes of 25%×$9.26 million =$2.32 million. C. Earnings would decline by $9.26 million−$2.32 million=$6.94 million. The same effect would be seen on next year's earnings. D. Earnings would decline by $9.26 million−$2.32 million=$6.94 million. There would be no effect on next year's earnings. 2. What effect would a $11.75 million capital expense have on this year's earnings if the capital expenditure is depreciated at a rate of $2.35 million…Menendez Corporation expects to sell $ 12 million. Costs, excluding depreciationtion, will represent 75% of sales and a depreciation of $ 1.5 million is expected.Sales will be collected in cash and all costs less depreciation will bebe settled during the year. The federal and state tax rate is 40%.to. Prepare an income statement. What will the company's expected net cash flow be?b. Suppose that Congress modified the tax laws and that doubled thecompany pricing. There were no changes in operations. How would it affectThat in recorded earnings and net cash flow?c. Now suppose that Congress did not double depreciation but reduced it byfifty%. How will that affect net cash flow?d. If it were your company, would you prefer Congress to double depreciation spendingtion or cut it in half? Explain your answer.Assume that a company wants to incorprate the effect of taxes into their NPV analysis. The tax rate is 30%. In year 0, they would sell an old machine for the market value of $50,000. The current book value of this machine is $40,000. Note that cash flows in later years are unimportant for answering this question. Explain how the pre-tax cash inflow from the disposal in year 0, i.e., the $50,000, would be affected by the presence of taxes compared to the absence of taxes. It is sufficient if you indicate the direction of the change and explain why it would be the case.
- Suppose a firm's tax rate is 25%. 1. What effect would a $10.92 million operating expense have on this year's earnings? What effect would it have on next year's earnings? (Select all the choices that apply.) A. $10.92 million operating expense would be immediately expensed, increasing operating expenses by $10.92 million. This would lead to a reduction in taxes of 25%×$10.92 million=$2.73 million. B. A $10.92 million operating expense would be immediately expensed, increasing operating expenses by $10.92 million. This would lead to an increase in taxes of 25%×$10.92 million=$2.73 million C. Earnings would decline by $10.92 million−$2.73 million=$8.19 million. There would be no effect on next year's earnings. D. Earnings would decline by $10.92 million−$2.73 million=$8.19 million. The same effect would be seen on next year's earnings 2. What effect would a $10.25 million capital expense have on this year's earnings if the capital expenditure is depreciated at a rate of $2.05…You invest $600,000 in cash to become the sole shareholder in a new company. With the $600,000, you purchase a single asset. The asset is non depreciating and requires no maintenance. Further, the company requires no investment in working capital. Based on your analysis, the asset will produce end of year, after tax free cash flow of $200,000 / year for the next 20 years. The appropriate risk-adjusted discount rate for these cash flows is an EAR of 7.5%. If correct, what's the book to market ratio for the value of the equity in your company?59) During the coming year, Gold & Gold wants to increase its free cash flow by $180 million, which should result in a higher stock price. The CFO has made these projections for the upcoming year: ∙ EBIT is projected to equal $852 million. ∙ Gross capital expenditures are expected to total to $360 million versus depreciation of $120 million, so its net capital expenditures should total $240 million. ∙ The tax rate is 25%. ∙ There will be no changes in cash or marketable securities, nor will there be any changes in notes payable or accruals. What increase in net working capital (in millions of dollars) would enable the firm to meet its target increase in FCF? a. $379 b. $219 c. $263 d. $316 e. $175 63) If D 1 = $1.50, g (which is constant) = 6.5%, and P 0 = $56, what is the stock's expected capital gains yield for the coming year? a. 6.50% b. 7.52% c. 7.90% d. 7.17% e. 6.83% 64) Shulman…