In a condenser test, the following observations were made: Vacuum = 69 cm of Hg Barometer = 75 cm of Hg Mean temperature of condenser = 35°C Hot well temperature = 28°C Amount of cooling water = – 50,000 kg/hr Inlet temperature = 17°C Outlet temperature = 30°C Amount of condensate per hour = 1250 kg Find (a) the amount of air present per m3 of condenser volume. (b) the state of steam entering the condenser.

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Atomic diffusion in solids

In material science, diffusion can take place in solid, liquid, and gases. In solids, atomic diffusion can take place with the help of thermally activated and randomly vibrating atoms. The atomic diffusion in solids is complex and very slow in comparison to atomic diffusion in liquids and gases because the interatomic distance between the atoms is smaller in solids as compared to liquids and gases.