In hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland does not produce enough T3 or T4. As a result, target cells create more receptors. What is this an example of?
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In hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland does not produce enough T3 or T4. As a result, target cells create more receptors. What is this an example of?
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- Which of the following observations can be explained by the properties of hormone receptors? a) A certain tissue can react to more than one hormone b) A certain hormone affects only a specific tissue, not all tissues c) Some tissues react very quickly to a certain hormone, other tissues take many hours to react to the same hormoneList the anterior pituitary hormones that have the alpha subunit in common. Which other hormone shares the same alpha subunit? Describe in 1-2 sentences if you had to design an immunoassay to detect each of those hormones, how you would ensure that your assay is specific for your hormone of interest?The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on a) the location of the tissue or organ with respect to the circulatory path O b) the membrane potential of the cells of the target organ c) the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ
- Which of the following is a true statement? A.) the hormone FSH requires a second messenger system to elicit a cellular response B.) prohormones are modified before they become active C.) the combined effects of two hormones would be greater than their individual effects if they synergize by additivity D.) a hormone can influence its own action on the target cell through priming E.) all of the aboveWhich of the following is not a true statement? A.) steroid and thyroid hormone signaling would be impaired if the plasma level of carrier proteins is not optimal. B.) Steroid and thyroid hormone-receptor complexes form dimers when they bind to the hormone-response elements on DNA C.) Epinephrine uses the adenylate cyclase and the phospholipase C second messenger systems D.) signaling by a peptide hormone would be impaired if a second messenger system is not functional in the target cell E.) signaling by a steroid hormone would be hindered if the adenylated cyclase second messenger system is not functional in the target cell.Neuroendocrine glands are glands that are made up of both nervous tissue and endocrine tissue. This means that they can be directly stimulated by the nervous system to produce or release hormones. i) From what you have learned so far in the course, identify two endocrine glands that are considered to be neuroendocrine. Be specific. ii) Describe a situation/example for each, that demonstrates this function.
- Describe intracellular receptors, using estrogen receptors as anexampleOpioids cross the placental barrier, and a newborn of opioid-dependent mother will undergo withdrawal within 6-12 hours of birth. The long-term consequences of prenatal opioid dependence are poorly understood, but it may be best practice to maintain the mother on methadone and treat the infant with opioid rather than withdraw the mother before child delivery. Give some examples of drugs that can be used to reverse withdrawal and which medications can be used for opioid dependence treatment?Which of the statements is/are incorrect for hormones? 1) Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals serving as intercellular messengers. 2) Hormones are molecules of low molecular weight and are produced in traces. 3) Hormones give energy and also effect metabolism and growth activities of target cells. 4) Many hormones are produced in inactive form.
- Peanut and tree allergies are on the rise in modern, industrialized countries. Exposure to a protein in the nuts causes sensitive people to react with skin hives, reddened skin, breathing problems including the closing of the throat (anaphylaxis), and even heart attack. Much like a mosquito bite or other insect bite, this is all mostly due to the actions of one hormone in particular. 1) What hormone triggers this reaction? 2) Why does it cause swelling/closing of the throat/airways? 3) How does it change or impact the heart rate and/or blood pressure to life-threatening levels?Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a condition where individuals have a mutation in the 21 hydroxylase gene, so that the enzyme 21-hydroxylase is non functional. a)Which hormones would nit be produced in these individuals? b)What will happen to the amount of progesterone in the blood?Estrogen receptor antagonists inhibit tumors by: 1) blocking estrogen binding to receptors 2) binding cell-surface receptors 3) stimulating intracellular receptors 4) binding HER2 receptors and keeping agonists from binding