In the ß-oxidation pathway, the oxidation occurs at carbon [Select] acetyl group that becomes acetyl-CoA derived from the [Select] fatty acid. with the ♦ end of the
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Q18
![In the ß-oxidation pathway, the oxidation occurs at carbon [Select]
acetyl group that becomes acetyl-CoA derived from the [Select ]
fatty acid.
In the p-oxidation pathway, the oxidation occurs at carbo
acetyl group that becomes acetyl-CoA derived from the
fatty acid.
✓ [Select ]
1
acetyl group that becomes acetyl-CoA derived from th
fatty acid.
234
In the p-oxidation pathway, the oxidation occurs at carbon [Select]
✓ [Select]
carbonyl
methyl
+
with the
end of the
with the
end of the
with the
Ben
end of the](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F2b8d26a8-87eb-4d55-9239-418c1bd04690%2F2abec4f9-c5e5-4596-af0a-537fd9858655%2F8k5qn6g_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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- Extending the Mechanism of Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase to Similar Reactions Based on the mechanism for the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (see problem 14), write reasonable mechanisms for the following reactions shown.Step 2 of B-oxidation involves a reaction with chemistry characterized as a dehydration. B-Oxidation is shown below. H HO || || C-C-S – CoA FAD но R-CH2- C Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase H-C-C -S- CoA Acetyl-CoA Fatty acyl-CoA H FADH2 - CH2 - -c-S- CoA R- Thiolase Fatty acyl-CoA shortened by two carbons COA-SH H. он Successive cycles R-CH2-C-C- -C-S- CoA R– CH2 C=C-C-S-CoA H B-Ketoacyl-Co.A trans-A²Enoyl-CoA NADH + H* H,0 H H L-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase Enoyl-CoA hydratase R- CH,-c-c-C- S-CoA Но H NAD+ L-B-Hydroxyacyl-CoA True O False1) Humans do not undergo net synthesis of carbohydrate from acetyl- CoA, yet carbons of acetyl -CoA can be incorporated into glucose and amino acids. Show pathways as to how this can happen. 2) A molecule -X inhibits oxidation of stearoyl-CoA by isolated mitochondria but has no effect on palmitoyl-carnitine oxidation, explain.
- Arrange the steps of breakdown of oleic acid (pictured below) in the correct order. 1 2 3 4 5 activation by acyl-CoAsynthe ✓ [Choose ] one cycle ofß-oxidationbeginning at the enoyl-CoAhydratasestep three cycles ofẞ-oxidation five cycles ofß-oxidation activation by acyl-CoAsynthetase enoyl-CoAisomeraseactivity enoyl-CoAisomeraseactivity V one cycle ofß-oxidationbegini V five cycles ofß-oxidation OHWhat is(are) the product(s) of the thiolase reaction involving a sixteen carbon ß-ketoacyl substrate and CoASH? O A 14 carbon acyl-CoA molecule and acetyl-CoA O An 18 carbon acyl-CoA molecule and acetyl-CoA O acetoacetyl coA O An 18 carbon acyl-CoA moleculeIdentify a pathway for utilization of the four carbons of acetoacetate in cholesterol biosynthesis. Carry your pathway as far as the rate-determining reaction in cholesterol biosynthesis. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. succinyl-CoA succinate acetyl-CoA CoA-SH acetoacetyl-CoA HMG-CoA 2NADP 2NADPH+ 2H acetoacetate K UHL return to a mevalonate + CoA-SH
- Consider the docosanoic acid, C21H43CO2H a. Label the a and B carbons b. Draw the acyl CoA derived from this fatty acid c. How many acetyl CoA molecules are formed by complete B-oxidation? d. How many cycles of B-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? e. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complete catabolism of this fatty acid?Thiolase is homologous in structure to the condensing enzyme. On the basis of this observation, propose a mechanism for the cleavage of 3-ketoacyl CoA by CoA.Coenzyme A (CoA-SH) plays an important role in the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex reaction. Which is correct? Coenzyme A serves as an electron acceptor in this reaction. The hydrolysis of a CoA thioester has a positive AG", the hydrolysis is endergonic and unfavorable. Coenzyme A is derived from thiamine, a vitamin. Coenzyme A contains -SH group and can serve as an acyl group carrier.
- All of the following are accurate contrasts for beta oxidation vs fatty acid synthesis except which of the following statements? Group of answer choices The hydroxylacyl group differs in stereochemistry between beta oxidation and biosynthesis CoA is the acyl carrier group in beta oxidation, acyl carrier protein is the carrier in biosynthesis The carbon unit resulting from beta oxidation is acetyl-CoA, the carbon unit for biosynthesis is malonyl-CoA FAD is an electron acceptor in beta oxidation, NADP+ is the electron acceptor in biosynthesisConsider the complete oxidation of one mole of simple TAG containing lignoceric acid residues (24:0). 1. For one mole of the fatty acid residue, determine the following: a. ATP yield obtained from the oxidation of acetyl CoA entering the TCA cycle and ETC I b. ATP yield obtained from NADH coming from the complete ß-oxidation of the fatty acid residue c. ATP yield obtained from FADH₂ coming from the complete ß-oxidation of the fatty acid residue d. net ATP yield of ATP in the complete oxidation of the fatty acid residue 2. What is the net ATP yield for the complete oxidation of all the fatty acid residues of the simple TAG? (Note: glycerol backbone is not included) REMINDER: Answer the following items using numerical value only (e.g. 1, not "1 ATP")Stearic acid is the common name for the C18 straight-chain, saturated fatty acid. Draw the structure of the fatty acyl-CoA that this forms (you don't have to draw out all of the atoms in coenzyme A; you can represent it as S-CoA), and then show all of the reactions (draw all of the compounds formed) when the eighteen carbon fat is converted to two molecules of acetyl-CoA and the fourteen-carbon fat via two turns of the fatty acid spiral. List the enzymes and coenzymes that are part of the pathway.