In this experiment, 1.0 mL of saturated sodium chloride is used to rinse the Hickman head after the initial distillation. Why is saturated sodium chloride, rather than pure water, used for this procedure and the subsequent washing of the organic layer?
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In this experiment, 1.0 mL of saturated sodium chloride is used to rinse the Hickman head after the initial distillation. Why is saturated sodium chloride, rather than pure water, used for this procedure and the subsequent washing of the organic layer?
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- A mixture of the two compounds shown below is dissolved in ether. Using the information given in the experiment, select all the correct statements regarding the extraction and isolation of the two compounds. X ОН Y A. X can be extracted from the organic layer using sodium hydroxide. B. Y can be extracted from the organic layer using sodium hydroxide. C. Y can precipitate out of the aqueous layer by the addition of sodium hydroxide to the salt of Y. D. X can precipitate out of the aqueous layer by the addition of sodium hydroxide to the salt of X.1. How many phases did you observe when the naphthalene and p-dichlorobenzene were dissolved? What does this mean? 2. What did you observe with the freezing point of naphthalene when you added p-dichlorobenzene?In the esterification experiment, the organic phase of diethyl ether is washed with 2 portions of 5% NaOH. Why did you wash with aqueous base?a) To remove unreacted alcohol from the mixture.b) To remove unreacted sodium hydroxide from the mixture.c) To remove unreacted Nafion from the mixture.d) To remove unreacted acetic acid from the mixture
- What is the purpose of adding sodium carbonate in the mixture of water and water- soluble components obtained from the solid-liquid extraction step of isolation of alkaloids from tea leaves? A.Increases the solubility of alkaloids in water thus ensuring maximum yield B.deprotonates tannins so that they will remain in the aqueous layer during liquid-liquid extraction C.'hydrolyses cellulose thus separating it along with other water-soluble components D.protonates the alkaloid to make the solution acidicGive the advantages of using steam distillation in the recovery of an organic liquid from a mixture.When extracting an aqueous solution with an organic solvent and after agitation and settling, the two layers are of very similar appearance. You know that the organic layer contains your product and the aqueous layer is the waste layer, but you are not 100% certain which layer is which. What simple test might you perform to determine which is the organic layer?
- Part B: Miscibility of liquids 1. Place 10 drops of propan-2-ol into each of two DRY semi-micro test tubes. 2. Add 10 drops of water to one test tube and 10 drops of cyclohexane to the other test tube, shake and observe whether the two liquids in each test tube are miscible. Record your results then discard the contents of the test tubes into the organic waste container. 3. Place 10 drops of water in a clean semi–micro test tube and add 10 drops of cyclohexane to it. Record whether the two liquids are miscible. If two layers form (i.e. the liquids are immiscible) add a drop of blue food dye to the mixture and shake, then allow the two layers to reform. Based on your observation, decide whether the food dye is more soluble in water or cyclohexane and then discard the mixture into the non–halogenated waste container. Record whether the combinations of liquids shown below are miscible. Water Cyclohexane Propan-2-ol CyclohexaneWhat is an effective way of preventing irregular ebullition or bumping of the mixture during distillation?Which of these is NOT true of a good recrystallization solvent? Which of these is NOT true of a good recrystallization solvent? a) The compound is insoluble in the solvent when it is cold. b) The solvent boiling temperature is at least 40 °C. c) The solvent has many impurities. d) The compound is soluble in the solvent when it is hot.
- What is the function of the sulfuric acid in the dehydration of alcohols to form alkenes? Why was it important to keep the Gas chromatograph close to room temperature during the analysis of the alkene mixture?If 80% of a desired compound is extracted into the organic phase in each step (leaving 20% in the aqueous layer), how many extractions are necessary to ensure that at least 99% of the compound has been recovered in the organic phase? 1 extraction 2 extractions 3 extractions 4 extractionsThree sample, X (neutral), Y (basic), and Z (acidic), were mixed and dissolved together in dichloromethane. Propose a method to separate all given sample individually using the combination of liquid-liquid extraction, crystallization, distillation, and sublimation technique.