Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, correct the statement or provide a brief explanation for why it is false. Malonyl-CoA inhibits carnitine acyltransferase II , thus slowing transport of fatty acyl-CoA into mitochondrial matrix.
Q: If Acetyl CoA is converted to a ketone, it is likely that which of the following is undergoing…
A: more then one option is correct. Correct answer are oxaloacetate and fatty acids. Incorrect one are…
Q: Please explain the role of pantothenic acid-derived CoA as a carrier of acetyl group in carbohydrate…
A: Coenzyme A is required for the metabolism of carbohydrates. Pantothenic acid is the prescursor of…
Q: If a person is starving for a prolonged time, an excessive build up of Acetyl CoA ultimately leads…
A: Acetyl Co-A can be synthesized during starvation from either amino acids or fatty acids. The end…
Q: Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, correct the statement…
A: Glucose is the most abundant monosaccharide. It is mainly made by plants and most algae during the…
Q: True or false Ketone body synthesis requires transportation of acetyl-CoA through the inner…
A: Acetone, acetoacetate and 3 beta hydroxybutyrate are known as ketone bodies. They are produced from…
Q: A deficiency in which of the following B vitamins would NOT directly impact the ability of cells to…
A: Deficiencies in all of the above would directly impact the ability of cells to convert pyruvate into…
Q: Describe the process of fatty acid synthesis, including how acetyl-CoA arrives in the cytosol
A: Fatty acids are a class of compounds containing a long hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain and a terminal…
Q: Explain the importance to lipid metabolism of phosphorylation by Protein Kinase A using the…
A: During fasting or exercise, the triglycerides in adipose tissues are hydrolyzed into fatty acids and…
Q: What reaction or process in metabolism is catalyzed by each of the following enzymes: (a) lipase;…
A: Enzymes are biological catalysts that can fasten the reaction rate by decreasing the activation…
Q: Under aerobic conditions of high ratios of NADH/NAD+ and ATP/ADP, as pyruvate is utilized for its…
A: Glucose is metabolized through the glycolytic pathway to yield energy in the form of ATP and NADH.…
Q: Enzyme involved in the synthesis of the compound forming bile salts and stero hormones Acetyl CoA…
A: The 7α-hydroxylase cholesterol (CYP 7A1) is the key enzyme in the catabolic pathway that determines…
Q: Carboxylation of acetyl CoA to produce malonyl CoA is catalyzed by a. Malonyl COA carboxylase
A: Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve first three sub-parts for…
Q: Arrange the following steps in the catabolism of carbohydrates in the order by which they occur: the…
A: The series of chemical reactions that occur inside the living body for the production of energy are…
Q: Pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA by the enzymes of the _____________ enzyme complex.
A: Pyruvate is produced in the cytoplasm by glycolysis.
Q: Neonatal tyrosinemia is due to the deficiency of which of the following enzymes? A. Fumaryl…
A: Tyrosinemia is a genetic disorder characterized by deficiency of the enzymes responsible for…
Q: Complete the following sentence by selecting the correct cofactor of the pyruvate dehydrogenase…
A: Introduction:- PDH connects the citric acid cycle and subsequent oxidative phosphorylation to the…
Q: Acetyl CoA reacts with what molecule in which pathway to become citrate? O glycolysis, Malate krebs…
A:
Q: When the acetyl-CoA produced during ß-oxidation in the liver exceeds the capacity of the citric acid…
A: When there is an accumulation of acetyl CoA in the cell due to excessive beta-oxidation, ketone…
Q: Release of Acetyl CoA from the ketoacy| CoA is catalyzed by
A: First question answer is option c- thiolases,
Q: Discuss the process of digestion and absorption of lipid. Explain the relationships between…
A: Lipids are hydrophobic biomolecules that are invovled in various structural and functional roles.…
Q: Does the acetyl-CoA required for ketone body synthesis transport through the inner mitochondrial…
A: Ketone bodies acetone, acetoacetate and beta hydroxybutyrate are produced from two (or 3) molecules…
Q: Which of the following statements are TRUE? Multiple answers:Multiple answers are accepted for…
A: The TCA cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle is the second stage of cellular respiration. This is a…
Q: Describe five possible fates for glucose 6-phosphate in the liver.
A: The liver is a major metabolic site. The metabolism of drugs, detoxification, amino acid metabolism…
Q: Describe the movement of energy during acetyl–CoA formationand the citric acid cycle.
A: It takes acetyl CoA start text, C, o, A, end text—produced by the oxidation of pyruvate and…
Q: Lysine is degraded to acetoacetyl-CoA then to acetyl-CoA, and is described as a _______ amino…
A: Lysine and arginine are broken down into acetoacetyl CoA and Acetyl CoA respectively. The process…
Q: Acetyl-CoA is produced when ____ is broken down.
A: Acetyl-CoA also known as acetyl coenzyme A is used for the conversion of energy that is cellular…
Q: Indicate what will happen ( increase, decrease or no effect) tothe activity of the enzyme or rate of…
A: Metabolism refers to the anabolism as well as catabolism of biomolecules including lipids, proteins,…
Q: Alphabetical order] Name all of 7 ketogenic acids that convert to acetyl CoA and acetoacetyl CoA
A: A ketogenic amino acid is an amino acid that can be degraded into acetyl-CoA. In humans, amino acids…
Q: When the energetic needs of hepatocytes are being met, which of the following occurs? Acetyl-CoA…
A: When carbohydrates are plentiful, the liver not only uses glucose as the primary metabolic fuel, but…
Q: Describe the process of pyruvate oxidation. Be as detailed as possible, including input and output.
A: Oxidation of the pyruvate will cause the formation of Acetyl CoA & CO2 with the formation of…
Q: The acetyl group of acetyl-CoA is derived from the breakdown of lipids, carbohydrates, and certain…
A: Acetyl Co A is a two carbon intermediate produced by the reaction of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.…
Q: Name one reaction of glycolysis, one anaplerotic reaction, and one reaction of TCA cycle that…
A: Allosteric regulation is the process of controlling an enzyme, either by activating or inhibiting…
Q: All of the following compounds have sufficiently high group transfer potentials to lead to the…
A: Group transfer potential : It is quantitative measurement of the strength of attachment of the group…
Q: Assume that glycolysis is completely inhibited and thus glucose cannot be converted to pyruvate.…
A: Glycolysis is a ten-step pathway of glucose breakdown that involve the production of three carbon…
Q: Write the names of the reactions in which Acetyl CoA is obtained and used in metabolism and explain…
A: Acetyl CoA is a molecule that is known to participate in a number of chemical reactions. The…
Q: Describe the sources and fates of acetyl CoA
A: The enzyme which takes part in the various biochemical reaction and delivering of the acetyl group…
Q: rounds of beta axidation are required to produce complete oxidation of this fatty acid: CH3(CH2)7CH…
A: Beta oxidation is a fatty acid (FA) oxidation process which occurs in the mitochondria. Fatty acids…
Q: Release of Acetyl CoA from the ketoacy| CoA is catalyzed by a. Hydratase b.Lipoprotein lipase c.…
A: Biological macromolecules are those large molecules that are necessary for the survival and growth…
Q: Describe the role played by each enzyme, cofactor, andcoenzyme of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
A: Introduction: The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA is done by oxidative decarboxylation. This…
Q: A carnitine deficiency might manifest itself as... O accumulation of long chain fatty acids in the…
A: Introduction: Carnitine is a quaternary ammonium compound and is an important component of the…
Q: By beta-oxidation, fat is converted to acetyl CoA, then acetyl COA enters
A: The beta oxidation of fatty acid involves the oxidation of fatty acids to produce energy. The three…
Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, correct the statement or provide a brief explanation for why it is false.
Malonyl-CoA inhibits carnitine acyltransferase II , thus slowing transport of fatty acyl-CoA into mitochondrial matrix.
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- Fourteen NADPH molecules are required to produce one molecules of palmitic acid from acetyl CoA. Substantiate this statement by referring to the enzymatic activities involved in reduction steps during fatty acid synthesis and the number of cycles required to produce palmitic acid from acetyl CoA. How many molecules of ATP is required for the synthesis of palmitic acid from cytosolic acetyl-CoA?Indicate what will happen (increase, decrease or no effect) to the activity of enzyme or rate of the metabolic pathway given the following conditions: 1. release of glucagon in the blood to the activity of carnitine acyl transferase 1 2. phosphorylation of acetyl CoA carboxylase 3. low [carbon dioxide]/[oxygen gas] ratio to the oxygenase activity of RuBisCOIdentify different types of organic reaction mechanism (SN1, SN2, etc) and reaction types (addition, elimination, etc) in the following metabolic pathways. Catabolism of triacylglycerols- beta-oxidation pathway Biosynthesis of fatty acids from Acetyl CoA Glycolysis (from glucose to two molecules of pyruvate) Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA Citric acid cycle Gluconeogenesis pathway (pyruvate to glucose)
- Complete the following description of the mechanism of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by using words provided. Not all words will be used. Each word will be used only one time. Three enzymes of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex work together to catalyze the production of Acetyl CoA from Pyruvate. First, a 2-carbon unit composed of Carbons # ____ and ____ of Pyruvate are added to the co-enzyme ______ and whereas Carbon # ______ leaves as CO. The C-2 unit together with the co-enzyme is called ______ .The C-2 unit is then transferred to the 2nd co-enzyme ____, which is initially in it ___ state. The enzyme that catalyzes this step is ______.From here, the C-2 unit is transferred to form a _____ linkage with CoA-SH to generate_____In the pyruvae dehydrogensae complex, acetyl-coa is released by the dihydrolipoyl transacetylase activity. What is the purpose of the following enzymatic activity.How does oxaloacetate get to the cytoplasm (from mitochondria matrix) for gluconeogenesis? oxaloacetate is converted to malate and malate is transported to cytoplasm via transporter protein. oxaloacetate gets to cytoplasm by diffusion. oxaloacetate is converted to Acetyl-CoA and Acetyl-CoA is transported to cytoplasm via transporter protein.
- Pyruvate is an important intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Which of the following is true regarding the fate of pyruvate in muscle cells? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. Pyruvate will be oxidized to acetyl-CoA in the presence or absence a of oxygen. Pyruvate will be oxidized to acetyl-CoA in the absence of oxygen or reduced to lactate in the presence of oxygen. Pyruvate will be oxidized to acetyl-CoA in the presence of oxygen or reduced to lactate in the absence of oxygen. Pyruvate will be reduced to acetyl-CoA in the absence of oxygen or oxidized to lactate in the presence of oxygen. Pyruvate will be reduced to acetyl-CoA in the presence of oxygen or oxidized to lactate in the absence of oxygen. eIdentify different types of organic reaction mechanism (SN1, SN2, etc) and reaction types (addition, elimination, etc) in the following metabolic pathways. Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA Citric acid cycle Gluconeogenesis pathway (pyruvate to glucose)Indicate whether each of the following B vitamins is involved (as a cofactor) in β-oxidation pathway, ketogenesis, lipogenesis, or conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA. There may be more than one correct response or no correct response for a particular B vitamin.
- A fatty acid (a long straight-chain carboxylic acid with an even number of carbons) is metabolized to acetylCoA, which can then enter the citric acid cycle to be further metabolized. A fatty acid with an odd number of carbons is metabolized to acetyl-CoA and one equivalent of propionyl-CoA. Propionyl-CoA cannot enter the citric acid cycle. Two coenzyme-requiring enzymes are needed to convert it to succinyl-CoA, a compound that can enter the citric acid cycle. Write the two enzyme-catalyzed reactions and include the names of the required coenzymes.When the acetyl-CoA produced during β-oxidation in the liver exceeds the capacity of the citric acid cycle, the excess acetyl-CoA forms ketone bodies—acetone, acetoacetate, and D-b-hydroxybutyrate. This occurs in severe, uncontrolled diabetes: because the tissues cannot use glucose, they oxidize large amounts of fatty acids instead. Although acetyl-CoA is not toxic, the mitochondrion must divert the acetyl-CoA to ketone bodies. What problem would arise if acetyl-CoA were not converted to ketone bodies? How does the diversion to ketone bodies solve the problem?When the acetyl-CoA produced during B-oxidation in the liver exceeds the capacity of the citric acid cycle, the excess acetyl-CoA forms ketone bodies-acetone, acetoacetate, and D-b-hydroxybutyrate. This occurs in severe, uncontrolled diabetes: because the tissues cannot use glucose, they oxidize large amounts of fatty acids instead. Although acetyl-CoA is not toxic, the mitochondrion must divert the acetyl-CoA to ketone bodies. What problem would arise if acetyl-CoA were not converted to ketone bodies? How does the diversion to ketone bodies solve the problem?