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- The diversity of modern vertebrates was shaped in partby mass extinctions. The most severe extinction eventwe know of occured at the border between the Permianand Triassic periods about 250 million years ago. Anestimated 96 percent of the marine species and 70 percentof land species disappeared in what is sometimes called“The Great Dying.” The cause of this mass extinctionremains under investigation. Suggested causes includean asteroid impact, extreme volcanic activity, or a sudden release of carbon dioxide from deposits on the sea floor. Which groups of vertebrates were present when this mass extinction event occurred? Which evolvedafterward?In 1798, a stuffed platypus specimen was delivered tothe British Museum. Reports that it laid eggs createdmuch confusion. To modern biologists, a platypus isclearly a mammal. It has fur and the females producemilk. Young animals have typical mammalian teeth thatare replaced by hardened pads of the “bill” as the animalmatures. Why do you think modern biologists can moreeasily accept that a mammal can have some reptileliketraits than scientists who were considering this animal inthe late 1700s?Describe six types of fossils and how they form. What presentenvironmental conditions might preserve today’s organisms to formthe fossils of the future?
- Scientists who study forms of marine life that lived more than200 million years ago usually obtain fossils not from the sea floor, butfrom areas that were once under sea and have been uplifted onto thecontinents. Why?What factors are necessary for fossils to occur? I. Abundant MembersII. Exist for a long timeIII. Have many body parts A) I and II. B) I and III C) All of the above.What must be TRUE of any organ described as vestigial? It need be neither homologous nor analogous to some feature in an ancestor. O It must be analogous to some feature in an ancestor. O It must be homologous to some feature in an ancestor. OIt must be both homologous and analogous to some feature in an ancestor.
- Which phenomenon describes individuals that do not share a common ancestor? O Convergent Evolution O Divergent Evolution Homologous Structures O AdaptationFigure 12.8 Which animals in this figure belong to a clade that includes animals with hair? Which evolved first: hair or the amniotic egg?What is fossil?
- Which statement is true about fossilization? (A) (B) (C) (D) Only animals with backbones (vertebrates) fossilize. Only animals with hard structures, such as bones or shells, fossilize. Animals always fossilize, but plante fossilize under certain conditions. All organisms fossilize, depending on the environmental conditions.What valuable information can an archaeologist gain from understanding the connections between long-extinct animals and the living organisms of the present day?Why will the fossil record always be incomplete?