LAuden, halfan hour afler the dinner, comaining about 150g of carbohydrates 20gof f, and ag of protcin, is siing ina chair and reading d) cnumerae the gulaory enrymes of faty acid ynthesis from glucose tha have theiractivity and amount incrcascd underthe influcnecofthe mentioned hormone
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- Dehydroascorbate is unstable at pH values greater than 6 anddecomposes to form tartrate and oxalate. Cells use GSH toreduce the loss of ascorbate. What is the reaction pathwayfor the regeneration of ascorbate?When fats are converted to glucose, only the glycerolcomponent is used in this way, not the fatty acid. Explainwhy, and state what happens to the fatty acids.Thereareseveralwaystoproducetheaminoacidsthatbuildaprotein.What does this mean?
- The small intestine catabolizes amino acids, producing signifi cant amounts of NH4+. Describe the metabolic fate of the NH4+.Diabetes mellitus is characterized by insufficiency of thepancreas to produce enough insulin to regulate the blood sugarlevel. In type I diabetes, the pancreas produces no insulin, andthe patient is totally dependent on insulin from an externalsource to be infused at a rate to maintain blood sugar levelsat normal levels. Hyperglycemia occurs when blood glucoselevel rises much higher than the norm (>8 mmol/L) for pro-longed periods of time; hypoglycemia occurs when the blood sugar level falls below values of 3 mmol/L. Both situations canbe deleterious to the individual’s health. The normal range ofblood sugar is between 3.8 and 5.6 mmol/L, the target rangefor a controller regulating blood sugar.A patient with type I diabetes needs your help to maintainher blood sugar within an acceptable range (3 mmol/L<glucose<8 mmol/L). She has just eaten a large meal (a disturbance) that you estimate will release glucose accord-ing toD(t)=0.5e−0.05t,wheretis in minutes andD(t)is inmmol/L –…The absorption of triacylglycerols in the small intestineis an energy-requiring process that involves hydrolyticreactions to yield monoacylglycerol and fatty acids. Aftertheir transport into enterocytes, fatty acids and monoacylglycerol are reconverted into triacylglycerols. Suggest areason why triacylglycerols are not absorbed directlywithout the hydrolytic reactions.
- After a carbohydrate-rich meal is consumed and the glucoserequirements of all tissues have been met, the liver begins tostore excess glucose in glycogen molecules. Explain the roleof the hexokinases in this phenomenon.describe the IR spectra pattern of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)Brieflyexplainthesignalingpathwaybywhichthelivercovertsthestoredcarbohydrateto glucose and transports it to blood at low blood glucose level. In your answer, the signal pathway, source of glucose, key enzymes and proteins should be described.
- In healthy adults, the concentration of glucose in blood is approximately80 to 110 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl). After a carbohydrate-richmeal, however, the concentration may spike to 140 mg/dl. Describe thehormonal action that returns blood glucose to normal.Skeletal muscle cannot synthesize fatty acids, yet it producesthe enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Explain the role of thisenzymeWhat is the end product of catabolism of the pyrimidine basethymine? Unlike uric acid, the end product of purinecatabolism, excess amounts of this molecule do not causeproblems comparable to gout. What circumstances causeexcess amounts of the end product and why doesn’t a goutlike illness result?