Linear regression aims to learn the parameters 7 from the training set D = {(f(),y(i)), i {(x(i),y(i)),i = 1,2,...,m} so that the hypothesis ho(x) = ēr i can predict the output y given an input vector š. Please derive the least mean squares and stochastic gradient descent update rule, that is to use gradient descent algorithm to update Ô so as to minimize the least squares cost function JO).
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Linear regression aims to learn the parameters 7 from the training set D = {(f(),y(i)), i {(x(i),y(i)),i = 1,2,...,m} so that the hypothesis ho(x) = ēr i can predict the output y given an input
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- (control variates) Reproduce the class example of estimating int 0 ^ 1 2 dz 1+x by the MC approach using 100 uniform random variables and after that by using a control variate with function g(U) = 1 + U as suggested in class. Compare the results.Subject: Machine Learning Given the neural network below, calculate and show the weight changes that would be made by one step of BACKPROPAGATION for the training instance (X1,X2)=(0,05,0.10) and (Y1, Y2)=(0.01,0.99). Assume that the hidden (H1 & H2) and output (Y1 & Y2) units use sigmoid functions, the network is being trained to minimize squared error, and the learning rate is 1. Edges from constant b1 and b2 on the side indicate bias parameters.In R, write a function that produces plots of statistical power versus sample size for simple linear regression. The function should be of the form LinRegPower(N,B,A,sd,nrep), where N is a vector/list of sample sizes, B is the true slope, A is the true intercept, sd is the true standard deviation of the residuals, and nrep is the number of simulation replicates. The function should conduct simulations and then produce a plot of statistical power versus the sample sizes in N for the hypothesis test of whether the slope is different than zero. B and A can be vectors/lists of equal length. In this case, the plot should have separate lines for each pair of A and B values (A[1] with B[1], A[2] with B[2], etc). The function should produce an informative error message if A and B are not the same length. It should also give an informative error message if N only has a single value. Demonstrate your function with some sample plots. Find some cases where power varies from close to zero to near…
- Solve in R programming language: Let the random variable X be defined on the support set (1,2) with pdf fX(x) = (4/15)x3. (a) Find p(X<1.25). (b) Find EX. (c) Find the variance of X.Consider a logistic regression classifier that implements the 2-input OR gate. At iteration t, the parameters are given by w0=0, w1=0, w2=0. Given binary input (x1,x2), output of logistic regression is given by 1/(1+exp(-w0-w1*x1-w2*x2)). What will be value of the loss function at t? What will be the values of w0, w1 and w2 at (t+1) with learning rate ɳ=1?A Ridge Linear Regression adds the sum of the squared values of the coefficients to the loss function to penalize large coefficients. Group of answer choices True False
- Generate 100 synthetic data points (x,y) as follows: x is uniform over [0,1]10 and y = P10 i=1 i ∗ xi + 0.1 ∗ N(0,1) where N(0,1) is the standard normal distribution. Implement full gradient descent and stochastic gradient descent, and test them on linear regression over the synthetic data points. Subject: Python ProgrammingThe room temperature x in Fahrenheit (F) is converted to y in Celsius (C) through the function y = f(x) = 5(x-32)/9. Let a fuzzy set B1 (in Fahrenheit) be defined by B1 = 0.15/76 + 0.42/78 + 0.78/80 + 1.0/82 + 1.0/84 What is the induced fuzzy set of B1 in terms of the extension principle? B2 = ?Use R to answer the following question According to the central limit theorem, the sum of n independent identically distributed random variables will start to resemble a normal distribution as n grows large. The mean of the resulting distribution will be n times the mean of the summands, and the variance n times the variance of the summands. Demonstrate this property using Monte Carlo simulation. Over 10,000 trials, take the sum of 100 uniform random variables (with min=0 and max=1). Note: the variance of the uniform distribution with min 0 and max 1 is 1/12. Include: 1. A histogram of the results of the MC simulation 2. A density plot of a normal distribution with the appropriate mean and standard deviation 3. The mean and standard deviation of the MC simulation. ps(plz do not use chatgpt)
- A model is used to obtain a prediction by accepting features as inputs and returning a prediction in the is.... subset of machine learning. The following are some new cutting-edge models that have become feasible:Simulated annealing is an extension of hill climbing, which uses randomness to avoid getting stuck in local maxima and plateaux. a) For what types of problems will hill climbing work better than simulated annealing? In other words, when is the random part of simulated annealing not necessary? b) For what types of problems will randomly guessing the state work just as well as simulated annealing? In other words, when is the hill-climbing part of simulated annealing not necessary? c) Reasoning from your answers to parts (a) and (b) above, for what types of problems is simulated annealing a useful technique? In other terms, what assumptions about the shape of the value function are implicit in the design of simulated annealing? d) As defined in your textbook, simulated annealing returns the current state when the end of the annealing schedule is reached and if the annealing schedule is slow enough. Given that we know the value (measure of goodness) of each state we visit,…Objective #1:Implement a function in Matlab that finds that parameters, b_hat, of a polynomial regression model.Begin from 'regress_fit_poly.m', which is a stub (i.e., unfinished) version of the function provided foryou. The inputs and outputs of your function should conform to the following specifications: % Inputs:% x - A n-by-1 vector of feature values% (where n is number of data points)% y - A n-by-1 vector of response variable values% p - A scalar value, indicating the polynomial order % Outputs:% b_hat - a p+1-by-1 vector of regression coefficients Note: Your function should be able to calculate the polynomial regression parameters for a model of anyorder (i.e., an input ‘p’ of any value). Note: To see if your function is working correctly, you can check the outputs of your function againstthose produced by Matlab's 'polyfit' function. However, you should not call ‘polyfit’ inside your ownfunction. Note: Pay special attention to the order of the parameters, which is important,…