Mainland population allele frequencies before migration Island population allele frequencies before migration A, = 0.3 A, = 0.7 A= 0.8 A 0.2 One-way migration Generation 0 How does changing migration rate (k) influence the evolutionary dynamics? Will evolution eventually stop? If so, what will the equilibrium frequency of A1 be?
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- The graph below represents the number of brown and green beetles collected in a particular ecosystem Change in Coloration of Beetle Population Green beetles Brown beetles Time (years) What is the change observed in the number of green and brown beetles in the population most likely due to? (15.13) O natural selection O selective breeding O a common ancestor O gene manipulation //olamiami.performancematters.com/ola/ola.jsp?clientCode=flMiamiDade# 4:10 PE O Type here to search 3/11/20 Number of IndividualsAmount of NH3 nces ne In a population of pansies, the red allele (CR) is incompletely dominant to the white allele (Cw). If the frequency of the red allele is 80%, what is the frequency of pink flowers in the population?* ds 1 and 2 20% Highschool MP3, 0.20 0.80 0.32 Fri O 0.16 When Charles Darwin visited the Galapagos Islands, he observed the marine OOOmbers aferences A population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium does not experience any migration. How does this relate to evolution? * QOnline When individuals enter a population, adaptive radiation can occur. wsela Speciation only occurs when populations are completely isolated. ation Mogy Periods 1 and 2 When individuals enter or leave a population, the gene frequencies change. ng periods chool MP1, Highschool Highschool MP3, uchool MP4 O Migration interferes with nonrandom mating. Cion ting days Deer mice are usually found in the woods and are dark brown in color. The deer Tue Wed Thu Fri mice that live in the Sand Hills of Nebraska, however, have evolved a lighter coloring, the result of a change in one gene. How does this information illustrate natural selection? * Speciation occurs when groups are geographically isolated. 9:02 US
- A population of boreal toads has a current size of 100 and time steps are measured in years. If the instantaneous rate of increase is 0.8 (toads/(toadXtime)), what will the expected population size be after two years? Note: You need to first figure out which equation to use for this problem. O 64 toads O 117 toads O 495 toads O 6400 toads No toads will be left because the instantaneous rate of increase is less than 1.0.A population of tamarisk leaf beetles breeds only in the spring and dies in a pulse at the end of the fall, with one time step per year. Beetles were introduced to the Albuquerque bosque with an initial size of 30 individuals and a finite rate of increase = 1.8. What was the population size five years later? Note: You need to first figure out which equation to use for this problem. O 10 beetles O 54 beetles 500 beetles O 564 beetles O 243,092 beetlesA species of insect has a gene that determines whether the legs have brown stripes or black stripes, with brown being completely dominant over black. There are 76 BB insects, 50 bb insects and 124 Bb insects. If there were 90 brown individuals and 15 black individuals in the parent population, what can be concluded about the population? * O The population is not evolving. O The population is evolving. Stabilizing selection is occurring. O The population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
- tell whether the curves for the different cohorts are different from one another.If so, what might have caused the differences? In addition, did you notice any difference in the curves for males and females? If so, what might havecaused the differences?Speculate about the future if: 1) health care costs continues to increase, and 2) medical advances continueand most diseases and infant mortality are eliminated.How can this method be used to understand or manage natural populations?Two hypothetical lizard populations found on opposite sides of a mountain in the Arizonan desert havetwo alleles (AF, AS) of a single gene A with the following three genotype frequencies:AFAF AFAS ASASPopulation 1 38 44 18Population 2 0 80 20a. What is the allele frequency of AFin the twopopulations?b. Do either of the two populations appear to be atHardy-Weinberg equilibrium?c. A huge flood opened a canyon in the mountainrange separating populations 1 and 2. They werethen able to migrate such that the two populations, which were of equal size, mixed completelyand mated at random. What are the frequenciesof the three genotypes (AFAF, AFAS, and ASAS) inthe next generation of the single new populationof lizards?Gotelli discusses how environmental stochasticity influences extinction, arguing that a scaling relationship between the mean and variance of population growth rate (r) determine extinction risk. What is the scaling relationship? О а. Environmental stochasticity doesn't influence extinction risk b. Extinction will occur if the variance in r is double the mean С. Extinction will occur if the variance in r is greater than the mean squared d. Extinction will occur if the variance in r is greater than the mean е. Extinction will occur if the variance in r goes to 0
- Three basic predictions underlie genetic drift in populations: (1) As long as the population size is finite,some level of genetic drift will occur; thus, withoutnew mutations, all variation will drift either to fixationor to loss. (2) Drift happens faster in small populationsthan in large populations. (3) The probability that anallele is fixed (goes to a frequency of 1.0) is equal toits initial frequency (p) in the population, while itsprobability of loss from the population due to drift isequal to 1 − p. Given these three predictions:a. What is the allele frequency of a new autosomalmutation immediately after it occurs in a diploidpopulation of size N = 100,000?b. What is the allele frequency of a new autosomalmutation immediately after it occurs in a diploidpopulation of size N = 10?c. In which population does the new mutation have ahigher probability of going to fixation by chancewith genetic drift?In a Continent Island model with two populations (one on the continent and one on the island), the island population has a gene frequency of pi = 0.4 for a particular allele, and the continent population has a gene frequency of pc = 0.6 for the same allele. If the migration rate from the continent to the island is m = 0.1, what will be the gene frequency of the allele in the island population after migration has occurred (pi')? (recall: pi' = mpc + (1 - m)pi) a) 0.00 < pe < 0.25 b) 0.25 < pe < 0.50 c) 0.50 < pe < 0.75 d) 0.75 < pe < 1.00Listen If f(A) = 0.8 and f(a) = 0.2, what is the frequency of aa if the population is at Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium? %3D O 0.04 O 0.2 0.16 0.32 0.64