Make a map → from source to destination there are many routes that can be taken within the map. Connect the 5 routers → name it A (has 3 connections), B (has 2 connections), C (has 2 connections), D (has 2 connections), and E (has 1 connection). IP addressing: LAN A1 A2 28200683 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 Network Address 192.168.1.0 192.168.2.0 192.168.3.0 192.168.10.0 192.168.11.0 192.168.20.0 192.168.21.0 192.168.32.0 192.168.33.0 192.168.40.0 Subnet Mask /24
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- In this programming assignment, you will implement a decentralized peer-to-peer network architec-ture (P2P), including the basic implementation of the BitTorrent protocol (BTP). General P2P architec-tures can be classified into centralized and decentralized, In P2P centralized architectures, new peers senda request to the Traker (normally done via HTTP) requesting a list containing all the IP addresses ofthe peers that are already connected to the P2P network sharing the same file. The tracker then, replieswith a response containing such list. In P2P decentralized architecture, each peer is also a Traker, and itcan share only limited resources because it only sees the partial network. On the other hand, P2P decen-tralized networks avoid single point of failure since they do not depend of centralized trackers. Examplesof P2P applications that are/were implementing centralizing architectures are Nasper, the Berkeley OpenNetwork Infrastructure (BOINC) and some versions of BitTorrent.…Download delays for 100 objects (HTTP 1.1 with browser caching). Consider an HTTP 1.1 client and server. The RTT delay between the client and server is 2 seconds. Suppose the time a server needs to transmit an object into its outgoing link is 3 seconds, as shown below for the first of these 100 requests. initiate TCP connection RTT request file RTT file received time You can assume that any other HTTP message not containing an object sent by the client and server has a negligible (zero) transmission time. Suppose the client makes 100 requests, one after the other, waiting for a reply to a request before sending the next request. 352 secs Using HTTP 1.1, how much time elapses between the client transmitting the first request, and the receipt of the last requested object, assuming the client uses the IF- MODIFIED-SINCE header line, and 50% of the objects requested have not changed since the client downloaded them (before these 100 downloads are performed)? 350 secs 252 secs time to…Assume that there is a system call connect). This system call takes an IP address as an argument and then creates a TCP connection with that IP address. For example, connect(10.10.10.10) will create a TCP connection with the machine that has the IP address 10.10.10.10. Now, imagine that for the ptrace sandbox, the connect() system call is blocked for a known bad IP address 20.20.20.20. However, the attacker wants to connect to this blocked IP address (the attacker wants a TCP connection to 20.20.20.20, which is not allowed in the policy). It is also given that the connect() system call is allowed for the IP address 1.1.1.1. What can the attacker do to bypass this restriction and trick the ptrace sandbox (and the Operating System) Into running the connect() system call with the argument 20.20.20.207
- Assume that Computer A, which is connected through an Ethernet cable to the Switch S1, is just powered on. The user opens a browser and then types a website address to receive the website from the Server (as shown in Figure 1). Write down all the important protocols that come into play by the time the first frame containing HTTP request reaches R1. (Note: Before HTTP frame, other frames have already been sent by other protocol(s).) Write down all the protocols with reference to the TCP Model as follows? Application Layer: Transport Layer: Internet Layer: Link Layer:Assume that Computer A, which is connected through an Ethernet cable to the Switch S1, is just powered on. The user opens a browser and then types a website address to receive the website from the Server (as shown in Figure 1). Write down all the important protocols that come into play by the time the first frame containing http request reaches R1. (Note: Before http frame, other frames have already been sent by other protocol(s).) Write down all the protocols with reference to the TCP Model as follows. Application Layer: Transport Layer: Internet Layer: Link Layer: [Physical Layer (if needed)]: After writing down the protocols that come into play, briefly write the procedure as to what happens5 Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) was deployed on 1 January 1983. The addressformat in IPv4 is a 32-bit numeric value often expressed with four octets from theinterval [0, 255] separated by periods. At the time of writing this book, InternetProtocol version 6 (IPv6), with 128 bit-wide addresses, is slowly replacing IPv4. Intheory, how many IP addresses can be assigned in IPv4 and IPv6?
- Q1: In OSPF, the IP address . is used for Designated Router (DR) and a Backup Designated Router (BDR). Q2: In IPV6: The address used for communication between two hosts (which are there on the same link) when no IP address is specified is called . - Global - Site local - link local - None of the above Q3: In link state algorithm, each router contains a database containing a map of the whole topology (Links, Their state) - True - FalseConsider a home network connected to the Internet through a single home router that supports the Network Address Translation (NAT) protocol. The ISP is only providing a single public IP address to the owner of this network (82.7.30.73). Let us assume that one of the connected home devices with IP address 192.168.0.1 has an open connection from source port 30000 to a web server with IP address 172.217.169.4. The source IP and port of the incoming TCP segments that the web server sees could be: 192.168.0.1, 30000 82.7.30.73, 5555 192.168.0.1, 5555 172.217.169.4, 801. It is a protocol for encapsulating data packets that use one routing protocol inside the packets of another protocol. 2. It is a hash function that has been deprecated for uses other than as a non-cryptographic checksum to verify data integrity and detect unintentional data corruption. 3. An algorithm which is a pseudorandom function family in that it can easily generate arbitrary portions of the keystream without having to start from the beginning. 4. What is the most popular and widely implemented flavor of STP? 5. An algorithm that comprises of a series of linked operations, some of which involve replacing inputs by specific outputs (substitutions) and others involve shuffling bits around (permutations). 6. It is calculated using port cost values associated with port speeds for each switch port along a given path in STP 7. A proprietary architecture that authenticates users and devices using the identity-enabled network approach, and enables the government workforce to connect…
- Computer Science Networks and should be done in C language. Create a UDP client and server program that not only is able to locally transfer files but it gives the client the ability to send multiple copies of the file to multiple servers. Once the server program is initiated, it waits until it receives client packets. It then reads and saves the payload of the packets. The client reads a file from the disk and sends it to each server over a UDP socket by breaking the file up into mtu-byte sized packets. Client needs to be concurrent in sending the packets to all of the servers using threadsSuppose we have a web page which contains 10 objects including: a html main file, 8 jpg image, and a .mp3 background music. For simplicity, assume each of the 10 objects has a size of 4 Kbits and that each object can be completely transferred in one TCP packet. Furthermore, assume the round-trip time between the server and client is RTT= 250 ms, and the download rate is 1 Mbps. What will be the time it takes to complete transferring the web page running in the non-persistent mode? Total delay = msHTTP/2 versus HTTP/1.1: object download delays. Consider a client and a server, separated by an RTT of 4 time units. The client makes a request for 4 objects at t=0. O1 consists of 10 frames, 02 and 04 each consist of 1 frame, and 03 consists of 2 frames. In the HTTP/2 example shown below, the server is transmitting frames to the client in the order 01, 02, 03, 04 (as long as there are frames of type i to transmit, and when not the server just moves on to a frame from object i+1 mod 4). Each frame takes 1 time unit to transmit. server GET O4 GET 03 GET O2 GET 01 object data requested client O4 O2 Оз Under HTTP 1.1 (not shown below), the server would send 01, 02, 03, O4 in that first-come-first-served (FCFS) order, sending each object in its entirety before moving on to send the next object in that order. Let's define the object download delay as the time from when an object is requested (at t=0 below) to the time that object is received in its entirety. What is the average object…