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Meyer (1995) lists nine threats to internal validity of natural experiments. Describe three.
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- Why is random assignment of participants to control and treatment groups a central feature oflab, social and field experiments?Should researchers sometimes deceive subjects, even if it may harm them emotionally, in order to get more genuine responses?While randomized control trials are gold-standard, we don't use them in economics often to explore causal relationships. Why? Provide three reasons.
- Government support for the development of Covid-19 vaccines took two different forms. Some firms accepted grants (a.k.a, direct monetary support) for vaccine development and testing. As a condition of the grant, the government has options to purchase a first and specific number of vaccine doses. Other firms chose not to accept grants. Instead they negotiated advanced-purchase agreement to support pre-approval manufacturing of vaccines. The purchase agreement stipulates that payment will be made upon delivery of the pre-specified number of doses. Is the successful development and delivery of a vaccine for Covid-19 virus risky or an uncertainty?Government support for the development of Covid-19 vaccines took two different forms. Some firms accepted grants (a.k.a, direct monetary support) for vaccine development and testing. As a condition of the grant, the government has options to purchase a first and specific number of vaccine doses. Other firms chose not to accept grants. Instead they negotiated advanced-purchase agreement to support pre-approval manufacturing of vaccines. The purchase agreement stipulates that payment will be made upon delivery of the pre-specified number of doses. 1. Is the successful development and delivery of a vaccine for Covid-19 virus risky or an uncertainty? 2. In the case of direct support agreements, who bears the cost of failure? 3. In the case of advanced purchase agreements, who bears the cost of a failure? 4. Pfizer was the first firm to have its vaccine authorized for use in the U.S. It did not accept a grant to support development and testing, but the Pfizer did negotiate an…Who detected the endowment effect first? Tell us about the design of the experiment and its main conclusions.
- The following is an excerpt describing the Oregon Medicaid lottery: In 2008, Oregon implemented a limited expansion of its Medicaid program for low-income adults through a lottery, selecting names from a waiting list to fill a limited number of available spots. Those selected had the opportunity to apply for Medicaid and to enroll if they met eligibility requirements. Based on the description, you might describe the Oregon Medicaid lottery as a: randomized experiment "As if random" natural experiment a true natural experimentHedonic wage studies indicate a willingness to pay $40 per person for a reduction in the risk of a premature death from an environmental hazard of 1/100,000. If the exposed population is five million people, what is the implied value of a statistical life? To answer this question, first you find that the number of saved lives is . Also, find that the total willingness to pay is $ use thousands separators. . Thus, the implied value of a statistical life is $ Hint: Don'tThe consequences of the public policymaking process are directly affected by the ethics of those who participate in it. The ethical principle of justice provides much of the foundation for all health policies, whether allocative or regulatory. Justice is often defined as fairness. Opinions vary on the issue of fair distribution of the benefits and burdens involved in the pursuit of health in American society. The three most prominent perspectives on justice are the egalitarian, libertarian, and utilitarian perspectives. Select one of these perspectives and provide an example of how it has been applied to health policy or how it has been proposed that it be applied to health policy.
- Is SEO a science or an art form? Debate both sides and support your arguments with evidence.Peoples' behavior in behavioral economic games like the Dictator Game generally show that Many people seem to prefer outcomes that benefit others Under conditions of anonymity, most people are completely selfish. People are not generous unless they are in situations in which their partners will be able to reciprocate. There is very little variation in peoples' responses across cultures.What is the difference between Pareto efficiency and Hicks-Kaldor efficiency, and why is it relevant to benefit cost analysis?