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- Given the unpopularity of inflation, why don’t elected leaders always supportefforts to reduce inflation? Many economists believe that countries can reducethe cost of disinflation by letting their central banks make decisions aboutmonetary policy without interference from politicians. Why might this be so?There is currently a political and academic controversy whether or not stimulus packagesagainst the Covid-induced economic recession will cause inflation. Professor OlivierBlanchard has warned that the stimulus package of the US-administration may lead toinflation in the US. However, he does not see inflation dangers emanating from stimulusprograms in the Eurozone. The Next Generation EU program is not only considered to be a stimulus program but also tobe a growth program, which by spending on infrastructure and climate-related investmentsis expected to lead to an increase in potential output.Analyze in an AD-AS model the impact of economic growth on actual GDP and the pricelevel. Also elaborate on the role that an additional demand stimulus could play.The accompanying graph represents the market for loanable funds in the hypothetical country of Bunko. Assume the market is initially in equilibrium and inflation expectations are 2%. a. Adjust the graph to demonstrate the effects of inflation expectations increasing from 2% to 4%. b. What is the real interest rate after the change in inflation expectations? 5% 3% 2% 7% c. Which effect below characterizes the relationshin shoud Farars Interest rate (%) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 2 Market for Loanable Funds Scroll 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Quantity of loanable funds (billions of $) 18 20
- Refer to the accompanying figure. LRAS Inflation a A 0, y' Output O O An economy is currently in long-run equilibrium at point B, at an inflation rate of m, which is too high to sustain economic growth. If an anti-inflationary policy is enacted, the economy will be in short-run equilibrium at point creating gap. O SRAS O SRAS AD' AD A; an expansionary A; a recessionary D; a recessionary D; an expansionarySuppose the current administration decides to decreasegovernment expenditures as a means of cutting theexisting government budget deficit.a. Using a graph of aggregate demand and supply, showthe effects of such a decision on the economy in theshort run. Describe the effects on inflation and output.b. What will be the effect on the real interest rate, theinflation rate, and the output level if the FederalReserve decides to stabilize the inflation rate?A Wall Street Journal offered the following opinion of the bond market in September 2012, when inflation rate was about 2%: Ac€A?Someone buying long-term bonds yielding 1.5% or 2% and then seeing consumer price inflation of 4%, will be on the loosing end of the betAc€??. a. Explain verbally and illustrate graphically what will happen to the price of bonds if expected inflation increases to 4% from 2%. Be sure to include in your answer the demand the bond market. b. Explain why someone buying long-term bonds yielding 1.5% or 2% and then seeing consumer price inflation of 4%, will be on the loosing end of the bet. c. Suppose that you expect a greater increase in inflation than do others investors, but that you do not expect the increase to occur until 2015. Should you wait until 2015 to sell your bond? Briefly explain. d. The columnist also argued that long-term bonds would be a good investment if only Ac€A? when we get serious price deflationAc€?? Ac€?c *Explain verbally and illustrate…
- It is sometimes suggested that the Fed should try toachieve zero inflation. If we assume that velocity isconstant, does this zero-inflation goal require that therate of money growth equal zero? If yes, explain why.If no, explain what the rate of money growth shouldequalHow does high inflation lead to a recession in the country? Explain the role ofthe Government and the Central Bank to address the economic recessionproblem by using appropriate fiscal and monetary policies. Are there anypotential problems with such policies? Please answer in detailThe president of the United States announces in a pressconference that he will fight the higher inflation ratewith a new anti-inflation program. Predict what willhappen to interest rates if the public believes him.
- 1) Inflation in Theoretica is currently below the target range of its central bank. What does this tell you regarding Theoretica’s likely output gap? Illustrate it using an AS-AD diagram, and briefly explain your diagram 2) Your mother states that lowering interest rates in the recessionary COVID-19 period is good policy because it will guarantee consumers will spend more as it is cheaper to borrow money. Do you agree or disagree with her statement? Provide two reasonings to justify your answer. 3) Is either helicopter money or quantitative easing preferred in times of severe recessions in order to boost economic activity? Explain your reasoning.Suppose that a borrower and a lender agree on thenominal interest rate to be paid on a loan. Theninflation turns out to be higher than they bothexpected.a. Is the real interest rate on this loan higher or lowerthan expected?b. Does the lender gain or lose from thisunexpectedly high inflation? Does the borrowergain or lose?c. Inflation during the 1970s was much higher thanmost people had expected when the decade began.How did this unexpectedly high inflation affecthomeowners who obtained fixed-rate mortgagesduring the 1960s? How did it affect the banks thatlent the moneySuppose two countries have identical aggregate demandcurves and potential levels of output, and g is the samein both countries. Assume that in 2019, both countriesare hit with the same negative supply shock. Given thetable of values below for inflation in each country, whatcan you say, if anything, about the credibility of eachcountry’s central bank? Explain your answer.Country A Country B2018 3.0% 3.0%2019 3.8% 5.5%2020 3.5% 5.0%2021 3.2% 4.3%2022 3.0% 3.8%