Non-protein antigens are ineffective becase they cant A. Trigger IgM production B. Be used as a BCR to activate neutrophils C. Be presented on MCH II to activate T helper cells D. Cause B cell apoptosis

Q: Fusion between a plasma cell and a tumor cell creates a:(a) Myeloma (d) Natural killer cell(b)…

A: Plasma cell is also called as plasma B cell. Plasma cells are leucocytes which produce tremendous…

Q: b Production of complement c. Production of IL-6 d. Production of CRP e. All of the above 41. NK…

A: Hey, since there are multiple questions posted, we will answer first two questions (41 and 42). If…

Q: Helper T Cells: O A. Are activated by professional antigen presenting cells. OB. Each one has…

A: Helper T cells play a central role in immune responses. They are also known as CD4+ cells. They…

Q: A. Kills diseased human cells B. Targets primarily eukaryotic pathogens and viruses C. Stimulates…

A: 1. Neutrophils- They constitute the majority of the white blood cells( 50℅- 70%). In response to…

Q: An infected epithelial cell may present the antigen on its a. MHC class I molecules. b. MHC class II…

A: Immunity is the capability of the body to fight against foreign attack and maintain the persistence…

Q: Hybridomas are formed by fusing antibody-producingwhite blood cells with:(a) Viruses(b) Bacteria(c)…

A: Hybridoma is a hybrid cell used for the production of large quantities of antibodies which are used…

Q: To become a fully activated, antibody-secreting cell, B cellsusually need:(a) To encounter an…

A: Differentiation of B cells is important for the completion of the adaptive immune response. It is…

Q: The human immunodeficiency virus has a preference forinfectinga. B lymphocytes.b. cytotoxic T…

A: The human immunodeficiency virus has a preference forinfecting

Q: What types of cells could be involved in specifi c immune reactions against the rabies virus? a. T…

A: Rabies is a especial neurological infection with rabies virus that cause encephalitis in humans…

Q: Sutures()

A: Sutures are the threads used to repair the wounds, and there are three types of sutures: continuous…

Q: Graveyard of RBC is a) Spleen b) Liver c) Kidney d) Thymus

A: A type of blood cell found in the blood that is produced in the bone marrow. Red blood cells contain…

Q: An antigen-presenting cell (APC)a. presents antigens to T cells.b. secretes antibodies.c. marks each…

A: Helper T-cells activate B-cells in order to generate antibodies and aid the production of killer…

Q: An allergic reaction is an example of:

A: An allergic reaction is an example of:

Q: Antibodies are______ . a. antigen receptors c. proteins b. made only by B cells d.all of the above

A: Antibody  Antibody is the Y shaped molecules that fight with foreign objects or pathogens.

Q: A person with AIDS will probably:(a) Not make antibody(b) Make a response to T-dependent antigens(c)…

A: AIDS stands for Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome. It is a viral disease caused by Human Immuno…

Q: Neutrophils are best described as: (a) Phagocytic, have bilobed nucleus and are small (2-5 microns)…

A: Introduction: Phagocytes are white blood cells that assist begin an immune response and safeguard…

Q: An adult who has been thymectomized will have a T-cell repertoire that _____. a. resembles a…

A: The answer is described in the next step:-

Q: Progression from early-stage HIV disease to AIDS can beexpected within a few months:(a) In nearly…

A: HIV is also known as the human immunodeficiency virus is the virus that causes AIDS (acquired…

Q: NK cells expressing high levels of _____ become abundant during CMV infection. a. CD56 b. HLA-E…

A: They are large granular cells. They do not have antigen receptor-like b cell and t cell instead has…

Q: Which of the following does not pertain to B cells?a. have passed through the thymusb. have specific…

A: Immune system comprises innate and acquired immunity. Innate immunity consists of a physical barrier…

Q: To become a fully activated, antibody-secreting cell, B cells usually need: a. to encounter an…

A:

Q: .If thymus gland is removed from a newborn, ___________. A. lymphoid organs are not affected B.…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: grafts is mainly caused by

A: Graft rejection is a severe problem in the field of organ transplantation. An immune response is a…

Q: tion. A) They release histamine in response to allergens. B) They release perforins to poke holes in…

A: There are two types of immunity in the body first is the humoral immunity which works by the action…

Q: Inflammatory cytokines a. act as opsonins. Ob. are produced only by phagocytic cells. c. facilitate…

A: Immunology is a section of biology that includes the study of molecules, cells, and organs that…

Q: Which pertains to the immune response of a woman who has just inhaled a coronavirus to which she has…

A: Corona virus are a group of RNA viruses which causes disease in mammals and birds. They usually…

Q: the part of the anitbody that binds an antigen: a. is known as the Fc fragment. b. is called an…

A: The immune system provides defense against invading pathogens. It is a complex network of cells,…

Q: Antibody-mediated immunitya. works best against intracellular antigens.b. regulates the activity of…

A: Antibody-mediated immunity: Antibody-mediated immunity is also referred as Humoral immunity which…

Q: In humans, B cells mature in the and T cells mature in the.a. GALT, liver b. bursa, thymus c. bone…

A: White blood cells (WBCs) play an important role in defending the body against antigens, like…

Q: a. Explain why babies with agammaglobulinemia do not developopportunistic infections until about 6…

A: Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve the first sub-parts for you.…

Q: Epitope binds to antibodies A.true B.false

A: An epitope, otherwise called antigenic determinant, is the piece of an antigen that is perceived by…

Q: MHCII molecules will bind __________ and locate to the cell surface. a. T-independent type antigens…

A: T cells are not able to recognize free antigens directly. They can recognise only antigens that are…

Q: When an antigen complex is bound to a Class I MHC molecule, it can stimulate a A) B cell. B) plasma…

A: MHC or major histocompatibility complex molecules are glycoproteins which are encoded in a large…

Q: In a normal individual, a T cell that interacts with a self-antigen in the thymus will more than…

A: Introduction  Immunity is the property or ability of the body to defend against the pathogens.…

Q: Why is there an enzyme attached to the secondary antibody? a. They provide a colometire indication…

A: Introduction Secondary antibodies are especially efficient in immunolabeling, secondary antibody…

Q: The cytolytic action of the complement system is most similar to the action ofa. interleukin-1.b.…

A: Complement system- It is a cascade system, plays a role in immune system by enhancing the antibodies…

Q: Cytotoxic T cells are important in controllinga. virus infections b. allergy c. autoimmunityd. all…

A: There are three major type of T- cells Helper T-cells - These cells helps the other cells of immune…

Q: If B cells making high-affinity IgG4 are unable to switch to IgE at a late stage in the germinal…

A: Helminths are parasites that cause several infections.

Q: Which of the following is NOT a professional antigen presenting cell (i.e. doesn’t express MHCII)?…

A: Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are crucial for viable immune response, as the working of both…

Q: A.   In table form, differentiate Primary from Secondary Immune Response according to the ff. a.…

A: There are few important points about immunology: We know that immunology is the science that is…

Q: The direct, immediate cause of allergic symptoms is the action ofa. the allergen directly on smooth…

A: The immune system in the body act as a defense system. It fights against disease and infection. The…

Q: A person with type O blood has   a.  anti-A antibodies   b.  anti-B antibodies.   c.  anti-O…

A: Introduction The ABO Blood Group System Is A System For Classifying Human Blood Based On The…

Q: Which ONE of the following is TRUE regarding adult T‐cell leukaemia‐lymphoma?

A: Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) is a disease which refers to the mature T cell neoplasm of…

Q: (a) origin of T cells (b) origin of B cells (c) T cells become immunocompetent (d) B cells become…

A: The above image shows a list of important lymph nodes in our body Lymph nodes are a small nodular…

Q: Your patient has X-linked Immunodeficiency with Hyper-IgM so you would observe a. low levels of IgG…

A: X-linked hyper IgM syndrome It refers to the condition that affects the immune system. It generally…

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.